Table 1.

Selected lactic acid bacteria with biological control and biostimulant properties.

Strain	Source	Pathogen/Crop	Mechanism/Effect	References
(i) Biocontrol
Lactobacillus plantarum	Cucumber pickle	Pseudomonas campestris, Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, Pectobacterium carotovorum	Organic acids	Visser et al., 1986
Lactobacillus sp.	Tomato rhizosphere	Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, X. campestris pv. vesicatoria, Erwinia pyrifoliae, Pectobacterium carotovorum	None	Shrestha et al., 2009a; Shrestha et al., 2009b
Lactobacillus plantarum	Kimchi	Aspergillus flavus	3,6-bis(2-methylpropyl)-2,5-piperazinedion	Yang & Chang, 2010
Lactobacillus sp.	Dairy products	Fusarium oxysporum	SAR, antifungal metabolites	Hamed et al., 2011
Lactobacillus plantarum	Fermented mare milk	Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria solani, Phytophthora drechsleri, Fusarium oxysporum and Glomerella cingulate	Proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous antifungal compounds	Wang et al., 2011
L. fermentum	Fermented food, dairy products	A. niger, Fusarium graminearum, A. oryzae	Proteinaceous, PLA	Muhialdin et al., 2011; Gerez et al., 2013
Lactobacillus plantarum	Durian fruit	Colletotrichum capsici, broad spectrum	Unknown	El-Mabrok et al., 2012
Lactobacillus plantarum	Ginger root	Colletotrichum capsici, broad spectrum	Unknown	El-Mabrok et al., 2012
Lactobacillus paracasei	Tomato, soil	Ralstonia solanacearum	Unknown	Murthy et al., 2012
W. paramesenteroides	Fermented wax gourd	Rhizopus stolonifera, Sclerotium oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia minor, Rhodotorula sp.	Organic acids	Lan et al., 2012; Sathe et al., 2007
Lactobacillus acidophilus	Chicken intestine	Fusarium sp., Alternaria alternata, P. paneum, Cladosporium sp., Rhizopus oryzae	Organic acids	Oliveira et al., 2014; Schnürer and Magnusson, 2005
Lactobacillus paracasei	Tomato, soil	Ralstonia solanacearum	SAR	Konappa et al., 2016
Weisella cibaria, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis	Papaya seed	Erwinia mallotivora	Organic acids, hydrogen peroxide	Taha et al., 2019
L. pentosus	Fruit, fermented food	A.oryzae, A. niger, Fusarium sp.	PLA	Ouiddir et al., 2019
Lactobacillus pentosus, Leuconostoc fallax	Fermented vegetables	Alternaria brassicicola, Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, Pectobacterium caratovorum	Unknown	Lin et al., 2020
Lactobacillus plantarum	Yellow pithaya	Fusarium fujikuroi	Unknown	Valencia-Hernandez et al., 2021
Lactobacillus acidophilus	Mango	C. gloeosporioides	Antifungal compound, lytic enzyme	Ranjith et al., 2021
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum	Collection of Pure Cultures of Industrial Microorganisms ŁOCK at the Lodz University of Technology, pickled vegetables, milk	Pectobacterium carotovorum, Streptomyces scabiei, Alternaria solani, Alternaria tenuissima, Alternaria alternata, Phoma exigua, Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum coccodes	Organic acids	Steglińska et al., 2022
(ii) Biostimulant
Lactobacillus sp.	Rhizosphere soil of tomato	Pepper	IAA, phosphate solubilization, and biocontrol property Increased root and shoot length, root fresh weight and chlorophyll content	Steglińska et al., 2022
Enterococcus faecium	Rhizosphere soil of oriental melon (Cucumis melo L.)	Rice	Phytohormones (GA, IAA), mineral solubilization, and biocontrol property -Increased shoot and root length, plant fresh weight, chlorophyll content, nutrient uptake	Lee et al., 2015
L. plantarum	PGPR Corp. (Korea)	Cucumber	Succinic acid, lactic acid increased growth, nutrient availability and amino acid content	Kang et al., 2015
Lactobacillus sp.	Sugarcane fermentation	Citrus seedling	Nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization increased height, stem diameter, root and shoot weight	Giassi et al., 2016
Enterococcus sp.	Rhizosphere soil of grass pea	Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis	IAA, phosphate solubilization, stress response and biocontrol property	Mussa et al., 2018
E. faecium LB5, L. lactis LB6, LB7, and LB9	Rhizosphere soil of wheat	Fusarium graminearum	-Phosphate solubilization and biocontrol property	Strafella et al., 2021
Lactobacillus sp.	Vietnamese traditional Nem chua	Peanut seed	IAA, phosphate solubilization, and biofilm formation -Increased seed germination, vigor index, plant length, and total fresh weight	Nguyen et al., 2021
Lactobacillus sp.	Silage and rhizosphere soil	Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis), Arabidopsis	3-phenyllactic acid (PLA) -Root promoting activity in Adzuki bean, promote auxin signaling pathway – increased lateral root density in Arabidopsis	Maki et al., 2021, 2022
Weisella cibaria, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis	Papaya seed	Papaya	Synthesis of ammonia, siderophores, and phosphate solubilization - increased the dry weight of the shoot and root of papaya plants	Jaini et al., 2022
Lactobacillus sp.	The aerial part of pomegranate plants	Fusarium sp.	Phytohormones (GA, IAA) and biocontrol property -	Abhyankar et al., 2022