Table 1.

The functions and mechanisms of different source exosomal miRNA, LncRNA, and circRNA in OA treatment.

Cells type	Category/Name	Function(s)	Pathway(s)	Ref
Human synovial MSCs	miR-140-5p	Promote proliferation and migration; Maintain the balance of ECM.	Wnt/YAP	[70]
Human MSCs	miR-92a-3p	Promote chondrocyte proliferation; Remold ECM.	WNT5A	[71]
Human synovial MSCs	miR-155-5p	Promote proliferation and migration; Attenuates apoptosis; Regulate ECM secretion.	Runx2	[42]
Human synovial MSCs	circRNA3503	Promote proliferation and migration; Attenuates apoptosis; Maintain the balance of ECM.	miR-181c-3p/let-7b-3p	[72]
Human MSCs	miR-135b	Promote proliferation; Enhance cell viability.	TGF-β1/SP1	[73]
Chondrocytes	circRNA-RWD1	Promotes cell viability and proliferation; Inhibits apoptosis, inflammation, and ECM degradation	miR-1277/TRAF6	[74]
Synovial fibroblasts	miRNA-126-3p	Promotes proliferation and migration; Inhibits apoptosis and inflammation.	IL-1β/TNF-α	[75]
Bone marrow MSCs	miR-206	Promotes proliferation and differentiation; Inhibits apoptosis and inflammation.	Elf3	[76]
Human bone MSCs	miRNA-361-5p	Promotes proliferation; Inhibits inflammation; Maintain the balance of ECM.	DDX20/NF-κB	[77]
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes	Lnc-RNA H19	Promotes proliferation; Inhibits the degradation of ECM	miR-106b-5p/TIMP2	[78]
Human MSCs	Lnc-RNA-KLF3-AS1	Promotes proliferation; Inhibits the degradation of ECM.	Runx2	[79]
Chondrocytes	circRNA-CDK14	Promotes proliferation; Inhibits apoptosis and ECM degradation.	miR-1183/KLF5	[80]
Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes	Lnc-RNA-PCGEM1	Inhibits proliferation; Promotes apoptosis and ECM degradation.	miR-142-5p/Runx2	[81]
Human Urine MSCs	miR-140-5p	Promote proliferation and migration; Attenuates apoptosis; Regulate ECM secretion.	VEGFA	[82]