Table 2.
Effects of chromium stress on activities of different antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in different plants.
| Plant species | Enzymes (%) | Culture | LPO indicator (%) | Cr exposure level | Exposure duration (days) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rice | APX (245↑), CAT (35.1↓), SOD (31.6↑), POD (59.9↓) | Hydroponic | MDA (65↑) | 20 µM | 10 | Cao et al. (2013) |
| Canola | CAT (39.42↓), SOD (42.85↑), POD (82.14↑), APX(37.5↓) | Hydroponic | MDA (66.67↑) | 50 µM | 2 | Yıldız et al. (2013) |
| Radish | CAT, SOD, POD | Hydroponic | MDA | 2- 8 mM | 3 | Sayantan (2013) |
| Pakchoi | CAT (37.84↓), SOD (47.04↓), POD (41.43↓) | Soil | MDA (48.5↑) | 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg kg-1 | 2 | Zhang et al. (2013) |
| Cotton | CAT (16.66↑), SOD (74.07↓), POD (48.5↑), APX (44.44↑) | Hydroponic | MDA (65.9↑) | 0, 10, 50 and 100 µM | 7 | Daud et al. (2014) |
| Tossa jute | CAT (65.28↑), SOD (56.83↑), POD (59.13↑), GR (57.94↑) | Hydroponic | MDA (47.89↑) | 100, 200 and 400 mg kg-1 | 7 | Islam et al. (2014) |
| Black nightshade | SOD (13.51↑), POD (22.22↑) | Hydroponic | MDA (22.22↑) | 0, 0.5 and 1 mM | 2 | UdDin et al. (2015) |
| Santa-maria | SOD (23.26↑), POD (42.85↑) | Hydroponic | MDA (38.46↑) | 0, 0.5 and 1 mM | 2 | UdDin et al. (2015) |
| Rapeseed | CAT (54.54↑), SOD (49.37↑), POD (23.08↑), APX (57.5↑) | Soil | MDA (70.2↑) | 0, 100 and 500 µM | 15 | Afshan et al. (2015) |
| Indian mustard | SOD (66.14↑), CAT (42.08) ↑), POD (59.11↑), APX (33.15↑), GR (46.97↑), DHAR (70.38↑), MDHAR (71.52↓) | Hydroponic | MDA (50.36↑) | 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mM | 30 | Kanwar et al. (2015) |
| Egg plant | APX (12↑), GST (38↑), GR (20↑) | Hydroponic | MDA (13↑) | 25 µM | 7 | Singh et al. (2017) |
| Amaranth | CAT (44↑), SOD (50↑), POD (74↑), GST (101↑) | Hydroponic | MDA (108↑) | 0, 10 and 50 µM | 7 | Bashri et al. (2016) |
| Maize | CAT (48.52↑), SOD (17.14↑), POD (36.67↑) | Hydroponic | MDA (126↑) | 100 µM | Anjum et al. (2016b) | |
| Kenaf | CAT (151.43↑), SOD (135.79↑), POD (58.46↑) | Hydroponic | MDA (53.51↑) | 1.5 mM | 6 | Ding et al. (2016) |
| Rice | CAT (74.42↓), SOD (9.33↓), POD (64.91↓), GR (54.84↓) | Hydroponic | H2O2 (86.89↑) | 100 µM | 7 | Huda et al. (2016) |
| Green gram | CAT (31.03↑), SOD (46.25↑), POD (34.21↑) | Hydroponic | MDA (51.67↑) | 0, 250 and 500 µM | 7 | Jabeen et al. (2016) |
| Sunflower | CAT (70.83↑), SOD (75.61↑), POD (20.12↑), APX (62.5↑) | Hydroponic | MDA (71.43↑) | 0, 5, 10 and 200 mM | 15 | Farid et al. (2017) |
| Wheat | CAT (40.1↓), APX (13.46↑) | Soil | MDA (16.67↑) | 10 and 22 mg kg-1 | 30 | González et al. (2017) |
| Barley | CAT (41.82↓), APX (22.5↑) | Soil | MDA (27.27↑) | 10 and 22 mg kg-1 | 30 | González et al. (2017) |
| Cauliflower | CAT (34.78↑), SOD (37.5↑), POD (35.1↑) | Hydroponic | MDA (63.33↑) | 0, 10, 100 and 200 µM | 7 | Ahmad et al. (2017) |
| Sorghum | CAT (66.67↑), SOD (90.1↑), APX (80.2↑), GR (64.5↑), GST (36.5↓) | Hydroponic | MDA (61.67↑) | 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 mg kg-1 | 7 | Yilmaz et al. (2017) |
| Indian mustard | CAT (39↓), SOD (16↑), APX (28↑), GR (16↑), GPX (14↓), DHAR (50↓), MDHAR (31↓) | Hydroponic | MDA (101↑) | 0.15 and 0.3 mM | 5 | Al-Mahmud et al. (2017) |
| Maize | GR (29.33↓) | Hydroponic | MDA (65.71↑) | 50, 100 and 200 mg L-1 | Adhikari et al. (2020) | |
| Tomato | – | Petri dish | MDA (63.23↑) | 50 µM | Khan et al. (2020) |
Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA).