TABLE 1.
Primary articles reporting long‐term symptoms of COVID‐19
| Author and Year | Type of study | Study population | Long‐term symptoms | Timeline of the assessment of symptoms/outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carfì et al. (2020) | Cross‐sectional study | 143 patients who were discharged from the hospital after recovery from COVID‐19 |
Fatigue (53.1%) Dyspnoea (43.4%) Joint pain (27.3%) Chest pain (21.7%) |
The symptoms were assessed a mean of 60.3 (SD, 13.6) days after onset of the first COVID‐19 symptom |
| Davis et al. (2021) | Cross‐sectional study | 3762 respondents with suspected or confirmed COVID‐19 infection |
Fatigue (86.7%) Decreased cognition or memory (88%) Relapses in symptoms due to physical/mental activity or stress (85.9%) |
>91% of respondents took a time to recovery that exceeded 35 weeks |
| Garrigues et al. (2020) | Cross‐sectional, study | 120 patients |
Fatigue (55%) Dyspnoea (42%) Memory Loss (34%) Problems concentrating (28%) Sleep disorders (30.8%) |
Post‐discharge persistent symptoms were assessed more than 100 days after their admission |
| Ladds et al. (2020) | Qualitative research design (Focus groups and individual interviews) | 114 participants | Nerve issues, fatigue, exhaustion, ‘brain fog’, decreased ability for daily activities | NA |
| Mandal et al. (2021) | Cross‐sectional study | 384 patients followed a median 54 days post discharge |
Fatigue (69%) Breathlessness (53%) Cough (34%) Depression (15%) 38% of chest radiographs stayed abnormal and 9% deteriorated |
4–6 weeks post‐discharge |
| Sudre et al. (2020) | Prospective observational cohort study | 4,182 incident cases of COVID‐19 were analyzed in which individuals self‐reported their symptoms |
Most commonly reported symptoms were the following: Fatigue (97.7%) and Intermittent headaches (91.2%) |
Data gathered from COVID‐19 infected persons using app from March 24‐September 2, 2022 |
| Taboada et al. (2021) | Cross‐sectional study | 91 participants previously admitted to COVID‐19 ICU |
Difficulty breathing (57%) Physical weakness (37%) Muscle pain (37%) Joint pain (29%) Moderately anxious or depressed (41.8%) Extremely anxious or depressed (4.4%) |
6 months after ICU discharge |