Table 3.
Associations (i) between microcephaly and trimester of infection, maternal education, skin color, and geographic region and (ii) between brain imaging abnormalities and trimester of infection in children born to women with RT-PCR-confirmed ZIKV infections during pregnancy participating in studies of the ZBC-Consortium.
| Microcephaly at birth or first evaluation |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| n/N (%) | OR (95% CI)b | p-value | |
| Timing of infection in pregnancya | |||
| First trimester | 18/169 (10.6%) | 7.52 (2.75–20.6) | <0.001 |
| Second trimester | 7/364 (1.9%) | 1.23 (0.42–3.57) | 0.706 |
| Third trimester | 7/441 (1.5%) | 1.0 | |
| Missing trimester | 5/85 | – | – |
| Highest educational attainment | |||
| Primary education | 12/362 (3.3%) | 0.80 (0.27–2.30) | 0.673 |
| Secondary education | 16/382 (4.2%) | 1.01 (0.36–2.83) | 0.978 |
| University or postgraduate | 5/121 (4.1%) | 1.0 | – |
| Missing education | 4/193 | – | – |
| Skin color | |||
| Branca (White) | 16/348 (4.6%) | 1.0 | – |
| Parda (Mixed) | 8/270 (3.0%) | 0.56 (0.22–1.42) | 0.219 |
| Preta (Black) | 4/79 (5.1%) | 1.11 (0.29–4.21) | 0.876 |
| Other | 0/8 (0%) | – | – |
| Missing skin color | 6/354 | – | – |
| Region | |||
| Northeast | 6/115 (5.2%) | 1.0 | – |
| North | 8/128 (6.2%) | 1.21 (0.41–3.60) | 0.730 |
| Central-West | 3/83 (3.6%) | 0.68 (0.17–2.81) | 0.595 |
| Southeast | 20/732 (2.7%) | 0.51 (0.20–1.29) | 0.158 |
| Brain imaging abnormalities after birth |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| n/N (%) | OR (95% CI)b | p-value | |
| Timing of infection in pregnancya | |||
| First | 25/138 (18.1%) | 17.1 (3.82–76.6) | <0.001 |
| Second | 12/254 (4.7%) | 3.66 (0.79–17.0) | 0.098 |
| Third | 2/154 (1.3%) | 1.0 | |
a
Timing of infection was based on date of rash and/or positive ZIKV RT-PCR test.
b
Estimated using multilevel mixed effects logistic regressions allowing for within-study correlations.