TABLE 4.

Overview of participation of caspases and their functions in development of the head region/structures.

Caspase-1
•Decreased hippocampal neurogenesis in aging	Gemma et al. (2007)
•Impact on cell proliferation in different niches of the skin	Lee et al. (2015)
•Localised in apoptotic cells of hair follicles	Soma et al. (1998)
Caspase-2
•Neural differentiation	Pistritto et al. (2012)
•Protection of neurons	Bergeron et al. (1998)
•Differentiation of skeletal muscles	Boonstra et al. (2018), Dehkordi et al. (2020)
•Osteoblast differentiation	Mogi and Togari (2003)
•Regulation of osteoclast apoptosis in aging	Sharma et al. (2014)
•Stimulation of osteogenic expression in calvarial osteoblasts	Kratochvílová et al. (2020)
•Regulation of hair growth	Zhang et al. (2007)
Caspase-3
•Major actor of neuronal apoptosis	Kuida et al. (1996)
•Neural stem cell differentiation	Fernando et al. (2005)
•Reorganisation of neural cytoskeleton	Mashima et al. (1997)
•Regulation of glial cells population	Lossi et al. (2018)
•Differentiation of glial cells	Oomman et al. (2006)
•Regulation of synaptic plasticity	Chan and Mattson (1999)
•Modulation of memory	Dash et al. (2000), Huesmann and Clayton (2006), Zhuravin et al. (2015)
•Axon branching and arborisation	Campbell and Okamoto (2013)
•Axon pruning	Gu et al. (2017), Cusack et al. (2013)
•Apoptosis in the inner nuclear layer of retina	Zeiss et al. (2004)
•Protein turnover of lens cell fibres	Talebizadeh et al. (2015)
•Proteolytic cleavage of Cx45.6 associated with lens development	Yin et al. (2001)
•Regulation of lens transparency	Zandy et al. (2005)
•Normal development and function of the cochlear vestibule	Makishima et al. (2011)
•Survival of ganglion cells and hair cells	Morishita et al. (2001)
•Elimination of supporting cell in organ of Corti	Takahashi et al. (2001)
•Putative role in apoptosis of aging myocytes of extrinsic tongue muscle	Kletzien et al. (2018)
•Differentiation of rhabdomyocytes; transition of myoblasts into myotubes	Fernando et al. (2002)
•Catabolic degradation of muscular proteins	Du et al. (2004)
•Reduction of satellite cells self-renewal	Dick et al. (2015)
•Apoptotic elimination of bone-related cells in mandibular bone	Svandova et al. (2018)
•Bone ossification	Miura et al. (2004)
•Osteoblast differentiation	Mogi and Togari (2003)
•Participation in the fusion of the palatal shelves	Huang et al. (2011)
•Apoptosis in primary enamel knot	Matalova et al. (2006)
•Apoptosis accompanying formation of salivary glands	Teshima et al. (2016b)
•Apoptosis in prenatal skin	Vesela et al. (2015)
•Apoptosis of hair follicle	Soma et al. (1998), Vesela et al. (2015)
•Degradation of extracellular matrix during blood vessel remodelling	Cohen (1997), Cowan et al. (2005)
Caspase-6
•Participation in axon pruning	Nikolaev et al. (2009), Cusack et al. (2013)
•Induction of Phex expression in calvarial osteoblasts	Kratochvílová et al. (2020)
•Putative contribution in formation of ducts of salivary glands	Teshima et al. (2016b)
Caspase-7
•Caspase-3 redundancy in neuronal apoptosis	Houde et al. (2004)
•Regulation of osteogenic process in mandible	Svandova et al. (2014)
•Apoptotic elimination of bone-related cells in mandibular bone	Svandova et al. (2018)
•Putative participation in apoptosis of PEK	Matalova et al. (2012)
•Mineralisation of incisor enamel	Matalova et al. (2013)
•Potential participation in apoptosis during formation of salivary glands	Teshima et al. (2016a)
•Non-apoptotic regulation of mast cells population in dermis	Vesela et al. (2015)
•Potential participation in apoptosis during development of hair follicles	Vesela et al. (2015)
•Degradation of extracellular matrix during blood vessel remodelling	Cowan et al. (2005)
Caspase-8
•Apoptosis in formation neural tube	Varfolomeev et al. (1998), Sakamaki et al. (2002)
•Potential role in differentiation of skeletal myoblasts	Fernando et al. (2002)
•Potential engagement in palatal fusion	Huang et al. (2011)
•Osteoblast differentiation	Mogi and Togari (2003)
•Apoptotic elimination of bone-related cells in mandibular bone	Svandova et al. (2018)
•Regulation of osteogenic expression	Kratochvílová et al. (2020)
•Skin homeostasis	Kovalenko et al. (2009)
•Formation of blood vessels	Varfolomeev et al. (1998)
Caspase-9
•Neuronal apoptosis	Hakem et al. (1998), Kuida et al. (1998)
•Putative role in neural differentiation	Pistritto et al. (2012)
•Axon-selective degeneration	Cusack et al. (2013)
•Putative role in axon guidance	Ohsawa et al. (2010)
•Participation in neural tube closure	Geelen and Langman (1977), Weil et al. (1997), Hakem et al. (1998), Kuida et al. (1998)
•Apoptosis in development of retina	Laguna et al. (2008)
•Participation in elimination of nucleus from lens fibres	Sanders and Parker (2002)
•Apoptosis in vestibular organs	Cecconi et al. (2004)
•Fusion of myoblasts	Murray et al. (2008)
•Regulation of apoptosis in primary enamel knot	Setkova et al. (2007)
•Apoptosis of hair follicle stem cells, regulation of hair follicle regeneration	Ankawa et al. (2021)
Caspase-12
•Regulation of osteogenic expression, unspecified role in differentiation of osteoblasts	Vesela et al. (2020)
•Potential function in ameloblasts and odontoblasts	Vesela et al. (2020)
•Unspecified role in development of hair follicles	Veselá and Matalová (2015)
Caspase-14
•Terminal differentiation of keratinocytes	Lippens et al. (2000)
•Skin barrier formation	Hu et al. (1998), Hoste et al. (2011)