Table 1.
Summary of published studies on the effect of promoter choice in transgene yields (“Levels”) and sustained expression (“Stability”) over culture time.
| Transgene Delivery Method | Host Cell Type | Transgene Expression | Locus of Integration | Clone Information | Top Three Promoters |
Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Levels | Stability | ||||||
|
| |||||||
| Lentiviral vector | Various | Stable | Random | Polyclonal | CAG hEF1α CMV | n.d. | Qin et al 2010 |
| Lipofectamine 2000 | HEK-293F | Stable | Random or Episomal | Polyclonal | CAG hEF1α CMV | CAG hEF1α CMV | Dou et al 2021 |
| Lipofectamine 2000 | CHO-K1 | Stable | Random or Episomal | Clonal lines | hEF1α CMV CAG | Only hEF1α tested | X. Wang et al 2017 |
| Lentiviral vector | mESC (J1) | Transient | Random | Polyclonal | hEF1α CAG hPGK1 | Only hEF1α tested | Hong et al 2007 |
| Lentiviral vector | mESC (JM8.N4) | Stable | Random | Polyclonal | n.d. | hPGK hEF1α CMV | Herbst et al 2012 |
| φC31 integrase | mESC (IDG26.10–3) | Stable | Rosa26 | Clonal lines | CAG hUbC hEF1α | n.d. | Chen et al 2011 |
| Electroporation | mESC (E14Ju09) | Stable | Random | Clonal lines | CAG; mPGK1 | n.d. | Malaguti et al 2022 |
| Lentiviral vector | hESC (SA121; Hues-4) | Stable | Random | Polyclonal | hEF1α hACTB PGK | hACTB PGK EF1α | Norrman et al 2010 |
For stability in stem cells, the list refers to robust transgene expression over prolonged stem cell maintenance (for differentiation, please see text).
Abbreviations: CAG: CMV early enhancer/β-actin synthetic hybrid promoter; CMV: cytomegalovirus promoter; EF1α: elongation factor 1-alpha promoter; PGK1: phosphoglycerate kinase 1 promoter; UbC: polyubiquitin-C promoter. m or h indicate mouse or human promoter origin and cells respectively; n.d.: not determined.