. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Dec 21.

Published in final edited form as: Cell Syst. 2022 Dec 21;13(12):950–973. doi: 10.1016/j.cels.2022.11.005

Table 2.

Summary of commonly used insulators in mammalian cells.

Insulator	Size (bp)	Source	Chromosome coordinate	Reference
cHS4	1200 (full) 250 (core)	Chicken beta-globin locus	Chr1:197,298,879–197,300,081 (galGal6)	¹⁴⁵
A2-UCOE	1500	Human HNRPA2B1-CBX3 locus	Chr7:26,239,804–26,241,504 (hg19)	²⁶²
CBX3-UCOE	700	Human HNRPA2B1-CBX3 locus	Chr7:26,240,735–26,241,449 (hg19)	¹⁴⁹
MAR 1–68	3630	Human Chromosome 1 intergenic between SPATA6 and AGBL4	Chr1:48,947,776–48,951,409 (hg19)	¹⁴⁷
tDNA	1200	Human tRNA genes	Chr17: 7,963,112–7,964,183 (hg19)	¹⁵⁰

Insulator elements are described in terms of their size and genomic source. cHS4: chicken hypersensitive site 4. UCOE: ubiquitous chromatin opening element. MAR: matrix attachment region. tDNA: tRNA gene.