Figure 5.

Progressively modified serum metabolome of carcinogen-induced mice from dysplasia to ESCC

A. A scheme depicting 4-NQO induced ESCC mouse model from dysplasia to ESCC. B. Representative images of H&E and IHC staining of esophageal tissues of control mice and 4-NQO-treated mice. C. PLS score plot of serum metabolic profiles of control mice, 4-NQO-induced mice at dysplasia stage (4NQO-16wks), and 4-NQO-induced mice at cancerization stage (4NQO-28wks). The density plots of principal component 1 and principal component 2 are displayed on the top and right-hand sides of the PLS score plots, respectively. Heatmap displaying progressive changes of serum metabolites of mice from normal control to cancerization stage (D) and metabolic pathway enrichment analysis of these metabolites (E). Progressively changed metabolites in the heatmap were subclassified as follows: 1) amino acids, 2) carbohydrates, 3) lipids including fatty acids, 4) nucleotides, 5) organic acids, and 6) unclassified. PG, propylene glycol; 4-NQO, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide; PLS, partial least-squares regression.