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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 27.
Published in final edited form as: Chemosphere. 2021 May 13;281:130856. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130856

Table 3.

Unadjusted odds ratio for neonicotinoid detections in public water supply wells.

Odds
Ratio
95% CI Z
Statistic
Chi-Square
(p-value)
Alluvial vs Other Aquifer Types 14.1 5.4 - 36.9 5.4 < 0.0001
High Vulnerability vs Low/intermediate Vulnerability 17.2 6.0 - 49.3 5.3 < 0.0001
Unconfined vs confined wells 15.1 6.0 - 38.2 5.7 < 0.0001
Confining thickness <=15 m vs >15 m 1 Detect or More 13.5 4.8 – 38.4 4.9 < 0.0001
Confining thickness <=15 m vs >15 m 2 Detect or More 75.8 4.4 – 1301.5 3.0 0.003
Well depth <19.4 m vs Other Depth Quartiles with 1 or more detects 19.4 6.5 - 57.9 5.3 < 0.0001
Well depth <19.4 m vs other depth quartiles with 2 or more detects 35.0 9.4 – 129.9 5.3 < 0.0001
Northeast region vs other regions 1.5 0.65 - 3.7 0.98 0.327
Northwest region vs other regions 2.5 0.92 - 7.0 1.8 0.073
North Central region vs other regions 0.22 0.06 - 0.8 2.3 0.021
Southeast vs other regions 0.21 0.05 - 0.99 2.0 0.048
South Central vs other regions 1.5 0.58 - 4.1 0.87 0.385
Southwest vs other regions 1.6 0.55 - 4.9 0.88 0.382
Row crop dominant land use vs other types with at least one detect 3.8 1.6 - 9.0 3.0 0.003
Row crop & grassland/forest vs developed land use types with at least 1 detect 3.6 1.6 - 8.1 3.2 0.002
Row crop land use vs grassland/forest with at least one detect 1.5 0.36 - 6.3 0.55 0.581
Row crop land use vs developed with at least one detect 4.3 1.75 - 10.4 3.2 0.001
Row crop vs other land use for clothianidin detection 4.5 1.88 - 10.8 3.4 0.001
Grassland/Forest vs other land use for imidacloprid detection 9.6 2.37 - 38.9 3.2 0.002
Grassland/Forest vs other land use for thiamethoxam detection 8.0 2.0 - 31.7 3.0 0.003
Grassland/Forest vs row crop land use for imidacloprid detection 9.0 1.6 - 50.3 2.5 0.012
Grassland/Forest vs row crop land use for thiamethoxam detection 4.0 0.87 - 18.4 1.8 0.076
Row crop vs grassland/forest vs land use for clothianidin detection 1.5 0.36 - 6.3 0.55 0.581
Grassland/Forest vs other land use for two or more detections 5.8 1.5 - 22.1 2.5 0.011
Winter vs Summer CLO 1.9 0.91 - 4.1 1.7 0.088
Winter vs Summer IMI 2.3 0.79 - 6.6 1.5 0.129
Winter vs Summer THX 2.0 0.76 - 5.3 1.4 0.157
Winter vs Summer TD at least 1 detect 1.9 0.91 – 4.2 1.7 0.087
Winter vs Summer TD at least 2 or more detect 3.2 1.2 – 8.8 2.3 0.022