Fig. (8).

The mechanism of 7,8-DHF improving learning and memory may be through activating BDNF-TrkB and downstream signaling pathways such as ERK, AKT, CaMKII, and CREB in specific brain regions, increasing the expression of synaptic proteins in the hippocampus, maintaining normal synaptic structure and function, delaying neuronal apoptosis and improving the survival rate of newborn neurons. Meanwhile, 7,8-DHF has anti-neuroinflammation properties and increases hippocampal antioxidant capacity. Abbreviations: (7,8-DHF:7,8-Dihydroxyflavone, BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor, TrkB: tyrosine kinase receptor B, AKT: protein kinase B, CREB: Cyclic AMP response-element binding protein, ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase, CaMKII: Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II).