Table 2.

Metabolites identified in serum samples using chenomx profiler in study participants.

Metabolites	Chemical Shifts	Remarks
Alanine	1.47 (d), 3.76 (q)	Significant (p = 0.001) in TNMDD vs. HC, and in TNMDD vs. TNMDD-after 2 weeks SSRI treatment (p = 0.041)
Lactate	1.32 (d), 4.11 (q)	Significant (p = 0.001) in TNMDD vs. HC; TNMDD-after 2 weeks SSRI treatment vs. HC (p = 0.003); TNMDD vs. TNMDD-after 2 weeks SSRI treatment (p = 0.020)
Glycine	3.55 (s)	Significant (p = 0.035) in TNMDD vs. TNMDD-after 2 weeks SSRI treatment
Choline	3.19 (s), 3.52(s), 4.06 (s)	Significant (p = 0.004) in TNMDD vs. HC; TNMDD-after 2 weeks SSRI treatment vs. HC (p = 0.037); TNMDD vs. TNMDD-after 2 weeks SSRI treatment (p = 0.02); responder vs. non-responder to 2 weeks SSRI treatment (p = 0.012)
Acetate	1.91 (s)	Significant (p = 0.006) in TNMDD vs. HC;
Betaine	3.88 (s), 3.24 (s)	Responder vs. non-responder to 2 weeks SSRI treatment (p = 0.038)
Pyruvate	2.35 (s)	Responder vs. non-responder to 2 weeks SSRI treatment (p = 0.024)
Acetone	2.22 (s)	-
Valine	0.98 (d), 1.040 (d)	Significant (p = 0.012) in TNMDD vs. HC; TNMDD vs. TNMDD-after 2 weeks SSRI treatment (p = 0.006);
Leucine	3.72 (m)	-
3-Hydroxybutyrate	1.2	-
(Creatinine	3.0 (s), 4.1 (s)	Significant (p = 0.009) in TNMDD vs. HC; TNMDD vs. TNMDD-after 2 weeks SSRI treatment (p = 0.014)
Glutamine	2.10 (s), 2.46 (s)	Significant (p = 0.023) in TNMDD vs. HC; TNMDD vs. TNMDD-after 2 weeks SSRI treatment (p = 0.014)
GPC	3.200 (s)	Responder vs. non-responder to 2 weeks SSRI treatment (p = 0.004)
3.26 PPM (TMAO and Betaine)	3.261 (s)	Responder vs. non-responder to 2 weeks SSRI treatment (p = 0.031)
Glucose	5.23 (s), 3.89 (d), 3.82 (dd), 3.41 (m), 3.40 (m)	Significant (p = 0.00019) in TNMDD vs. HC; responder vs. non-responder to 2 weeks SSRI treatment (p = 0.038)
Phenylalanine	7.32 (d)	-
Fatty acids	0.86 (m)	Significant (p =0.007) in TNMDD vs. HC; TNMDD-after 2 weeks SSRI treatment vs. HC (p = 0.025)

Abbreviations: S: singlet, d: doublet, ppm: part per million.