Table 1.

Co-pathology in dementia with Lewy bodies

Type of Neurodegenerative Condition	Type of Pathology	Prevalence in DLB
Alzheimer’s disease	Amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques Tau neurofibrillary tangles	48–88% of individuals with DLB have intermediate- or high-level AD pathology versus 17–62% in PDD and 7–10% in those with PD who are dementia free [7–10]. AD pathology is associated with a greater Lewy pathology burden [51].
TDP-43 and limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE)	TDP-43	13–60% of individuals with DLB [11–15] More prevalent in the advanced neocortical Lewy pathology (LP) stages, in the presence of AD co-pathology in DLB vs. individuals with PD who are dementia-free [11, 13, 15]
Frontotemporal lobar degenerations Tau (FTLD)	Tau	Less prevalent compared to other co-pathologies
Other Tau-related neurodegenerative conditions, including aging-related Tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG)	Tau	Not studied in DLB alone In Lewy body disease overall (PD + DLB): 31% of participants without AD co-pathology [22] 72% in the presence of AD co-pathology [22]
Cerebrovascular Pathology	Microinfarcts Gross infarcts	Neuropathological samples [16] Microinfarcts 26.7% Gross infarcts 6.7%16 MRI-based samples] [57, 62 18.8–27%
	Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)	Neuropathological samples CAA 66.7% none to intermediate AD neuropathological changes versus 94.7% CAA prevalence in individuals with high AD neuropathological changes [13] CAA is highest in DLB (82%−91%), followed by PDD (50%), and lowest in cognitively unimpaired PD (21.7%) [13, 17]
	Cerebral microbleeds (usually associated with CAA)	Are also more frequent in DLB (30%−45.2%) than in PDD (26.1%), PD (11.5%), and control participants (17.1%) [58–60]. However, one study that compared participants with DLB with and without microbleeds did not find differences in florbetapir binding and found that high systolic blood pressure was the factor associated with microbleeds in DLB [61]
	White matter hyperintensities (WMH) burden	It may be ↑ in DLB vs. healthy controls [59, 62, 66–68], although reports are inconsistent [69–71]