Table 1. Optimization of Reaction Conditionsa.

| entry | L* | base | solvent | yield of 2a [%]b | yield of 3a (%)b | ee (%)c |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | PC1 | Cs2CO3 | toluene | 4 | 4 | 75 |
| 2 | PC2 | Cs2CO3 | toluene | 14 | 18 | 95 |
| 3 | PC3 | Cs2CO3 | toluene | 14 | n.d. | 6 |
| 4 | PC4 | Cs2CO3 | toluene | 23 | n.d. | 1 |
| 5 | PC5 | Cs2CO3 | toluene | 17 | n.d. | 4 |
| 6 | PC6 | Cs2CO3 | toluene | 21 | n.d. | 93 |
| 7 | PC7 | Cs2CO3 | toluene | 14 | 10 | 6 |
| 8 | PC8 | Cs2CO3 | toluene | 25 | 3 | 80 |
| 9 | PC9 | Cs2CO3 | toluene | 27 | 3 | 79 |
| 10 | PC10 | Cs2CO3 | toluene | 31 | 17 | 96 |
| 11 | PC10 | K2CO3 | toluene | 36 | n.d. | 88 |
| 12 | PC10 | K3PO4 | toluene | 34 | n.d. | 88 |
| 13 | PC10 | CsOAc | toluene | n.d. | n.d. | – |
| 14 | PC10 | KHCO3 | toluene | 21 | 6 | 74 |
| 15 | GF1 | Cs2CO3 | toluene | 55 | n.d. | 97 |
| 16d | GF1 | Cs2CO3 | CH3CN | 80(77) | n.d. | 96 |
| 17 | GF1 | Cs2CO3 | DMF | 58 | 7 | 81 |
| 18 | GF1 | Cs2CO3 | DMSO | 42 | 8 | 36 |
Reaction conditions: 1a (0.1 mmol), Pd2(dba)3 (5 mol %), L* (11 mol %), base (0.2 mmol), solvent (1.0 mL), 100 °C, 12 h.
Yield was determined by GC using tetradecane as an internal standard.
Determined by HPLC using a chiral stationary phase.
The yield of isolated product is shown within the parentheses. DMSO = Dimethyl sulfoxide. DMF = N,N-Dimethylformamide. n.d. = not detected.