TABLE 1.
List of extraction methods for bioactive compounds in turmeric.
| Extraction method | Conditions | Curcumin yield | References |
| Conventional solvent extraction | Solid/solvent ratio: 1:6 g/g for 12 and 24 h at 50°C | 69.1% | (31) |
| Soxhlet extraction | Sample amount: 15 g in acetone at 60°C for 8 h | 6.9 g curcumin/100 g sample | (30, 32) |
| 10 g sample in 250 mL of ethanol for 8 h | 1.3 g curcumin/100 g sample | ||
| Ultrasound- assisted extraction | Solid/solvent ratio: 1:20 g/mL; solvent: acetone for 40 min at 40°C | 3.9 g curcumin/100 g sample | (30, 32) |
| Solid/solvent ratio: 1:3 g/L in acetone for 5 min | 71.4% | ||
| Solid/solvent ratio 1:15–1:55; time: up to 1 h; solvent: ethanol, methanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate at 25–55°C | 72% | ||
| Microwave- assisted extraction | Solid/solvent ratio: 1:20 g/mL; in acetone for 0.5–3 min | 2.4 g curcumin/100 g sample | (30, 34) |
| Solid/solvent ratio: 1:3 g/L; in ethanol, acetone, water for 1–7 | 90% | ||
| Subcritical water extraction | Sample amount: 0.1 g; flow rate: 0.5 mL/min; 5.0 MPa; temperature: 180, 200, and 220°C; and pH: 1, 1.5, and 2 | 1.35 g curcumin/100 g | (33, 35) |
| Flow rate: 1, 2.5, and 4 mL/min; temperature: 90, 120, and 150°C; and particle size: 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mm | 90% | ||
| Particle size: 0.6,0.71, 1, and 2 mm; temperature: 120–160°C; time: 6, 10, 14, 18, and 22 min | 76% | ||
| Supercritical carbon dioxide | 10 g sample in ethanol, time: 240 min; pressure: 30 MPa; temperature: 50°C; flow rate 5 mL/min | (34) |