Table 1.
Descriptive statistics for symptoms, trauma exposure and population demographics.
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1A. Descriptive statistics for early-life adversity and symptom endorsement in VA TBI/PTSD Biorepository Sample. Mean (Standard Deviation) per visit of self-reported measures of anhedonia, depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, alcohol use, pain, and suicidal ideation, as well as prior trauma exposures (LEC, DRRI CES and DRRI PBE). Assessment visits 2 and 3 were approximately 3 and 6 months after the initial assessment visit. See Methods section for instrument ranges and cutoff scores indicating symptom severity. | |||
| Number of subjects | 156 | 100 | 67 |
| Assessment Visit | 1 | 2 | 3 |
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| |||
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | 8.33% | 11.00% | 10.45% |
| Asian | 8.33% | 8.00% | 4.48% |
| Black | 21.79% | 24.00% | 23.88% |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 2.56% | 2.00% | 5.97% |
| White | 65.38% | 65.00% | 64.18% |
| Other/Unknown | 3.21% | 6.00% | 2.99% |
| Hispanic/Latino | 21.15% | 19.00% | 19.40% |
| Veteran | 77.56% | 74.00% | 65.67% |
| Life Exposure Checklist “happened to me” | 8.74 (5.74) | 9.24 (5.81) | 9.43 (5.63) |
| Combat Exposure Scale (DRRI-CES) | 27.75 (16.46)* | -- | -- |
| Post Battle Experiences Scale (DRRI-PBE) | 23.58 (12.97)** | -- | -- |
| Early-life unpredictability (QUIC) | 12.87 (9.13) | -- | -- |
| Childhood trauma (CTQ) | 51.80 (20.20) | -- | -- |
| Anhedonia (MASQ-22) | 70.28 (16.82) | 67.80 (18.10) | 72.08 (16.45) |
| PTSD (PCL-5) | 35.17 (21.03) | 31.35 (20.72) | 33.91 (22.39) |
| Depression (PHQ-9) | 10.96 (6.97) | 9.23 (6.55) | 10.38 (7.12) |
| Anxiety (GAD-7) | 9.14 (6.43) | 7.92 (6.07) | 8.62 (6.38) |
| Alcohol Use (AUDIT) | 3.39 (4.83) | 3.46 (5.19) | 4.87 (6.94) |
| Pain Intensity (PROMIS) | 7.87 (2.64) | 7.61 (2.72) | 7.65 (2.81) |
| Pain Interference (PROMIS) | 16.77 (6.94) | 15.16 (6.92) | 15.84 (7.40) |
| Suicidal Ideation Item (MASQ) | 1.53 (.93) | 1.55 (.98) | 1.65 (.98) |
| Suicidal Ideation Item (PHQ-9) | 0.37 (.68) | 0.33 (.71) | 0.35 (.72) |
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1B. Education, employment, and income characteristics at each study visit. Data presented as percentage of total population at the specific visit reported. | |||
| Number of subjects | 156 | 100 | 67 |
| Assessment Visit | 1 | 2 | 3 |
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| |||
| Education | |||
| Some High School | 1.92% | 2.00% | 2.99% |
| GED | 1.92% | 5.00% | 5.97% |
| High School Diploma | 7.69% | 7.00% | 8.96% |
| Some College | 32.69% | 32.00% | 26.87% |
| Associates Degree | 16.03% | 13.00% | 14.93% |
| 4-year College Degree | 25.00% | 28.00% | 26.87% |
| Master’s Degree | 12.82% | 10.00% | 10.45% |
| Doctoral Degree | 1.28% | 2.00% | 2.99% |
| Not reported | 0.64% | 1.00% | 0.00% |
| Employment status | |||
| Full time | 26.28% | 25.00% | 20.90% |
| Part time | 12.82% | 19.00% | 14.93% |
| Seasonally | 3.85% | 1.00% | 4.48% |
| Day labor | 0.64% | 1.00% | 2.99% |
| Unemployed | 55.77% | 53.00% | 56.72% |
| unknown | 0.64% | 1.00% | 0.00% |
| Income | |||
| Less than $15,000 | 22.44% | 26.00% | 23.88% |
| $15,000-$29,999 | 17.31% | 13.00% | 20.90% |
| $30,000-$44,999 | 16.03% | 22.00% | 13.43% |
| $45,000-$59,999 | 14.10% | 15.00% | 17.91% |
| $60,000-$74,999 | 7.69% | 7.00% | 4.48% |
| $75,000-$99,999 | 10.90% | 9.00% | 11.94% |
| $100,000+ | 10.26% | 6.00% | 4.48% |
*
n=130
**
n=129.