TMAO reduces plaque intensity but does not influence Aβ plaque burden. Brain sections were stained for plaques (methoxy-X04, dark blue) (A, C) and nuclei (TOPRO-3, turquoise blue) (A). Percent area positive for methoxy-X04 in the hippocampus and the cortex (B). High-powered field, confocal images of the retrosplenial region of the cortex (C). Number of plaques/field (D), volume/plaque (E), and mean intensity/plaque (F). Three sections were quantified and averaged for each animal. Data are shown as the mean±SEM (n = 11 control, n = 10 TMAO, two sample t-test). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.