Table 1.
Characteristics of the 58 included studies
| Study characteristics | n | % |
|---|---|---|
| Impact on HIV transmission as primary outcome of the study | ||
| No | 5 | 8.6 |
| Yes | 53 | 91.4 |
| Significant reduction of HIV transmission reported | ||
| No | 30 | 51.7 |
| Yes | 28 | 48.3 |
| Study type (in real life settings) | ||
| Efficacy (in controlled settings) | 22 | 37.9 |
| Effectiveness (in real-world settings) | 36 | 62.1 |
| Study population | ||
| Female sex workers | 23 | 39.7 |
| Drug users | 6 | 10.4 |
| *Female sex workers and drug users | 1 | 1.7 |
| Men who have sex with men | 5 | 8.6 |
| Adolescent and young adults | 6 | 10.4 |
| Businesses employees | 1 | 1.7 |
| Couples | 3 | 5.2 |
| General population | 13 | 22.4 |
| Year of publication | ||
| < 2000 | 3 | 5.2 |
| 2000–2009 | 19 | 32.7 |
| 2010 onward | 36 | 62.1 |
| Study location | ||
| Asia | 21 | 36.2 |
| Caribbean | 1 | 1.7 |
| Eastern Europe | 1 | 1.7 |
| North America | 4 | 6.9 |
| South/Latin America | 3 | 5.2 |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 26 | 44.8 |
| **Multi-country | 2 | 3.5 |
*The intervention was directed toward female sex workers and drug users
**One study was conducted in South Africa; Tanzania; Zimbabwe and Thailand; one study was conducted in USA and in Thailand