Table 1.

Targeting retinal inflammation as a gene-agnostic approach to treating retinal degenerations.

Target	Function	Intervention	Animal model	Reference
TNF-α	Pro-inflammatory cytokine	Antagonistic antibody (adalimumab), systemic or local (intravitreal)	Rd10 mouse	Martínez-Fernández De La Cámara et al. (2015)
			Rd10 mouse	Olivares-González et al. (2020)
		Genetic knockdown	RhoT17M mouse	Rana et al. (2017)
NLRP3	Inflammasome activation (via IL-1β/IL-18) in response to cell damage	Genetic knockout and inhibition (N-acetylcysteine)	RhoP23H rat	Viringipurampeer et al. (2016)
IL-1R	Pro-inflammatory cytokine receptor	Inhibitory antibody (Kineret) and peptide (rytvela)	Blue light-induced retinal damage in mouse	Dabouz et al. (2020)
CCR2	Chemokine receptor on monocytic phagocytes	Genetic knockout	Rd10 mouse	Guo et al. (2012)
		Genetic knockout	Blue light-induced retinal damage in mouse	Hu et al. (2016)
P2X7	ATP receptor involved in ATP-triggered apoptosis	Genetic knockout and antagonist (A438079)	Optic nerve crush in mouse	Nadal-Nicolás et al. (2016)
A2AR	Adenosine A2A receptor	Antagonist (SCH58261)	Diabetic retinopathy in mouse	Aires et al. (2019)
		Antagonist (ZM241385)	Retinal detachment in mouse	Gao et al. (2020)
		Antagonist (SCH58261)	Light-induced retinal degeneration, rat	Soliño et al. (2022)
SIGLEC-11	Primate-specific receptor for polysialic acid (a neuronal self-recognition molecular pattern)	Polysialic acid with average degree of polymerisation of 20 (polySia avDP20)	Laser injury, human SIGLEC-11 knock-in mouse	Karlstetter et al. (2017)
TLR2/TLR4	Innate immune pattern-recognition receptors	Minocycline	Rd10 mouse	Scholz et al. (2015b)
CCL3	Chemokine	Genetic knockout	Mertk-/- mouse	Kohno et al., (2014)
TSPO	Mitochondrial cholesterol transporter	Molecular agonist (XBD173)	Light-induced retinal degeneration, mouse	Scholz et al. (2015a)