Table 2: Laboratory findings at the time of diagnosis according to the type of presentation.
| Laboratory findings | Asymptomatic | Acute | Chronic | Fulminant | Neurological | Total | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (Range) | Mean (range) | Mean (range) | Mean (range) | Mean (range) | Mean (range) | ||
| WBC (103/ml) | 7.4 (5-11.5) | 10.2 (7.5-13.7) | 6.5 (2.3-14.8) β | 12 (4.4-34) α | 5.3 (2.9-8.1) β | 8 (2.3-34) | 0.007 |
| INR | 1 (0.9-1.7) β | 1 (1-1.3) β | 2.2 (1-4.5) β | 4.5 (2.5-8) α | 1.48 (1-2.9) β | 2.1 (0.9-8) | 0.000 |
| AST (U/l) | 132.4 (20-302) | 164.6 (82-400) | 175.2 (23-609) | 362.4 (66-1307) α | 50.3 (29-95) β | 182.7 (20-1307) | 0.014 |
| ALT (U/l) | 187.2 (27-450) | 184.5 (103-272) | 120.2 (16-384) | 259.2 (23-1345) | 33.5 (13-79) | 161.2 (13-1345) | 0.095 |
| AST/ALT | 0.79 (0.5-1.5) | 0.98 (0.34-2.03) | 1.4 (0.85-2.45) | 2.73 (1.09-9.1) | 1.75 (1.16-2.61) | 1.49 (0.34-9.1) | 0.212 |
| ALP (U/l) | 559.5 (84-4042) | 330.3 (202-514) | 290.7 (57-537) | 216 (19-511) | 281 (129-613) | 353.5 (19-4042) | 0.394 |
| T. bil (mg/dl) | 0.5 (0.2-1) β | 2 (0.2-5) β | 6.8 (0.2-26.9) β | 22.3 (1.9-43.8) α | 0.7 (0.5-1) β | 6.8 (0.2-43.5) | 0.000 |
| D. bil (mg/dl) | 0.2 (0.1-0.4) β | 0.66 (0.1-2) β | 4.7 (0.1-23.6) β | 14.8 (1-29) α | 0.3 (0.1-0.7) β | 4.4 (0.01-29) | 0.000 |
| Albumin(mg/dl) | 3.9 (2.8-4.9) β | 3.5 (2.4-4) | 3 (1.7-5.8) | 2.5 (1.8-3.7) α | 3.8 (2.4-4.5) β | 3.3 (1.7-5.8) | 0.000 |
| Uric acid (mg/dl) | 2.5 (1-4) β | 2.6 (1-3.6) β | 1.5 (0.3-4) | 0.9 (0.2-1.8) α | 1.4 (0.5-2.5) | 1.7 (0.2-4) | 0.000 |
| Zinc (mg/dl) | 79.9 (46-128) β | 80 (80) β | 56.6 (28-70) | 52 (46-56) α | 60.2 (36-75) | 66.5 (28-128) | 0.035 |
| Ferritin (ng/ml) | 56.7 (10.2-125) β | 39.5 (36-43) | 163.2 (15.7-604) | 600.4 (94-1500) α | 53.6 (18.4-81) β | 193.1 (10.2-1500) | 0.038 |
| Ceruloplasmin (g/l) | 0.1 (0-0.3) | 0.12 (0.2-2) | 0.12 (0.1-0.4) | 0.11 (0.01-0.19) | 0.15 (0.05-0.5) | 0.11 (0.00-0.5) | 0.814 |
| 24-hour urinary Cu (µg/24 h) | 329.6 (8-1287) β | 368.3 (52-1319) | 879.8 (25-4480) | 1546.7(18-5280) α | 521.7 (265-1066) | 758.1 (8-5280) | 0.047 |
| 24-hour urinary Cu after d-penicillamine (µg/24 h) | 1153 (161-1984) β | 1322 (170-4000) | 833.5 (308-1120) | 1495 (367-4096) α | 1060 (1060) | 1191 (161-4096) | 0.93 |
| Liver Cu level (µg/g) | 855.6 (250-1244) | 423 (275-510) | 676.8 (277-1310) | - | 292(292) | 672 (250-1310) | 0.31 |
| Mortality score | 2.76 (0-5) β | 6.1 (3-14) β | 9.3 (1-18) β | 14.25 (11-17) α | 2.5 (1-7) β | 7.2 (0-18) | 0.000 |
P < 0.05 values signify comparison of α to β in one-way analysis of variance. WBC = white blood cell; INR = international normalized ratio; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; ALT = alanine aminotransferase; ALP = alkaline phosphatase; T. bil = total bilirubin; D. bil = direct bilirubin; Cu = copper.