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a) Model-based enhancement of SVM, LR, and FNN models for various enhancement scales. The enhancement scale is multiplied by the unit norm direction of the perturbation for each sample, where an enhancement scale of 0 reflects the original dataset. b-d) Transferability of enhancement between the three models. All accuracies were evaluated with 5-fold cross-validation, with error bars showing standard deviation across 10 random seeds.
