Table 1.
Demographics characteristics of patients hospitalized due to COVID stratified by the presence of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE)
| Characteristic | All n = 70 |
MACE n = 18 |
NO-MACE n = 52 |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | ||||
| Male. n (%) | 56 (80.0) | 18 (100) | 38 (73.1) | 0.03 |
| Age. median (IQR) | 61.5 (50.5–69.0) | 67.5 (53.3–70.8) | 59.0 (49.8–68.0) | 0.40 |
| Comorbid conditions. n (%) | ||||
| Stroke | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.9) | 0.58 |
| Myocardial infarction | 4 (5.7) | 3 (16.7) | 1 (1.9) | 0.08 |
| Cardiac arrhythmia | 3 (4.3) | 3 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.02 |
| Asthma | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) | 0.58 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 12 (17.1) | 5 (27.8) | 7 (13.7) | 0.30 |
| Coronary disease | 2 (2.9) | 1 (5.6) | 1 (1.9) | 0.98 |
| Mental Illness | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.9) | 0.58 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3 (4.3) | 2 (11.1) | 1 (1.9) | 0.33 |
| COPD | 8 (11.4) | 1 (5.6) | 7 (13.5) | 0.63 |
| Congestive cardiac failure | 2 (2.9) | 2 (11.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.11 |
| Arterial hypertension | 41 (58.6) | 10 (55.6) | 31 (59.6) | 0.98 |
| Obesity | 13 (18.6) | 5 (27.8) | 8 (15.4) | 0.42 |
| OSAHS | 4 (5.7) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (7.7) | 0.53 |
| Smoking | 9 (12.9) | 2 (11.1) | 7 (13.5) | 0.88 |
| Dyslipidemia | 3 (4.3) | 3 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.02 |
| Physiological variables during the first 24 hours of admission. median (IQR) | ||||
| Heart rate. BPM | 93.5 (82.5–111.0) | 96.5 (83.3-116.5) | 92.0 (83.5-110.3) | 0.16 |
| Respiratory rate. BrPM | 22.0 (20.0–30.0) | 24.0 (20.0–30.0) | 22.0 (20.0–27.8) | 0.63 |
| Temperature. °C | 36.5 (36.3–37.0) | 36.7 (36.4–37.1) | 36.4 (36.2–37.0) | 0.16 |
| SBP. mmHg | 120.5 (108.5–131.0) | 124.5 (115.5-131.0) | 119.5 (104.5–131.0) | 0.55 |
| Demographic | ||||
| DBP. mmHg | 70.0 (64.0–79.0) | 70.5 (64.5–75.5) | 70.0 (64.0-80.25) | 0.63 |
| MAP. mmHg | 87.0 (79.5–98.0) | 87.5 (83.3–93.0) | 86.5 (78.0-98.3) | 1.00 |
| SPO2. (%) | 87.0 (72.75-91.0) | 80.5 (67.8–89.8) | 88.5 (80.5–91.0) | 0.12 |
| Glasgow | 15.0 (15.0–15.0) | 15.0 (15.0–15.0) | 15.0 (15.0–15.0) | 0.18 |
| Laboratory variables at admission. median (IQR) | ||||
| Presepsin, ng/L | 716.0 (471.8-1743.8) | 1080.5 (615.8-2458.8) | 683.5 (429.3–1596.0) | 0.14 |
| Pro-BNP, pg/mL | 715.5 (171.5-1443.3) | 1860.5 (939.8-4526.5) | 398.0 (132.0-1029.5) | < 0.001 |
| Troponin, ng/mL | 12.9 (4.9–89.7) | 106.5 (23.2–354.0) | 8.9 (3.7–21.5) | < 0.001 |
| D Dimer, mg/mL | 1.5 (0.9–3.3) | 1.2 (0.7–3.3) | 1.6 (1.0–3.2) | 0.45 |
| WBC, cell x 103 | 9.1 (7.1–12.4) | 8.6 (7.1–11.1) | 9.2 (7.2–13.2) | 0.51 |
| Neutrophils, (%) | 83.6 (78.4–89.4) | 85.4 (78.4–89.7) | 83.5 (79.1–89.3) | 0.84 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 15.8 (14.4–17.5) | 16.5 (15.1–17.6) | 15.6 (14.3–17.2) | 0.42 |
| Platelet, cell x 103 | 236.5 (179.3-269.3) | 226.5 (178.3-263.8) | 237.0 (179.8-271.5) | 0.73 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.1 (0.8–1.3) | 1.1 (1.0–1.8) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.07 |
| BUN, mg/dL | 19.9 (15.1–27.3) | 23.9 (14.5–29.1) | 19.1 (15.1–26.4) | 0.34 |
| Blood glucose, mg/dL | 138.1 (116.0-163.9) | 167.5 (129.5-209.3) | 129.9 (114.9–149.0) | 0.02 |
| Sodium, mEq/L | 136.9 (135.0-139.0) | 135.0 (133.0-136.8) | 137.0 (135.0-140.3) | 0.01 |
| Potassium, mEq/L | 4.3 (4.1–4.6) | 4.5 (4.1–5.0) | 4.3 (4.0–4.5) | 0.10 |
| Chloride, mEq/L | 98.6 (94.0-101.9) | 96.4 (89.4–99.2) | 99.0 (94.6–103.0) | 0.03 |
| Bilirubin max, mg/dL | 0.7 (0.5–1.3) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) | 0.26 |
| ALT, U/L | 60.5 (38.9–83.4) | 53.9 (38.9–83.0) | 60.9 (40.6–87.5) | 0.46 |
| AST, U/L | 62.9 (47.7–80.7) | 62.8 (48.9–74.9) | 62.9 (49.0-83.3) | 0.60 |
| pH | 7.5 (7.4–7.5) | 7.4 (7.4–7.5) | 7.5 (7.5–7.5) | 0.02 |
| Demographic | ||||
| PCO2, mmHg | 29 (26.3–33) | 29.0 (27.0–36.0) | 28.0 (26.0–32.0) | 0.44 |
| PaO2, mmHg | 59 (51–66) | 54.0 (45.3–59.8) | 61.0 (51.8–67.0) | 0.04 |
| HCO3, mmol/L | 21.5 (19.2–23.9) | 21.6 (17.4–25.3) | 21.5 (19.4–23.8) | 0.89 |
| Lactic acid, mmol/L | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | 1.8 (1.3–2.5) | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | 0.33 |
| CRP, mg/L | 204.4 (128.7-276.3) | 246.1 (174.7-274.7) | 191.2 (122.3-274.8) | 0.46 |
| PT, seconds | 12.6 (11.5–13.4) | 12.2 (11.2–12.7) | 12.7 (11.9–13.4) | 0.24 |
| PTT, seconds | 27.4 (26.1–29.8) | 28.5 (26.9–31.2) | 27.2 (25.9–28.6) | 0.11 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Hospital LOS, days (IQR) | 12.5 (9.0–18.0) | 10.5 (9.0–14.5) | 14.0 (9.0–19.0) | 0.33 |
| In-Hospital Mortality (%) | 27 (38.6) | 11 (61.1) | 16 (30.8) | 0.02 |
Abbreviations: MACE: major cardiovascular events; IQR: interquartile range; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; OSAHS: obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome; BPM: beats per minute; BrPM: breaths per minute; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DPB: diastolic blood pressure; MAP: mean arterial pressure; SPO2: oxygen saturation; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; WBC: white blood cell count; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; PCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PaO2: partial pressure of oxygen; HCO3: bicarbonate; CRP: C reactive protein; PT: prothrombin Time; PTT: thromboplastin time; LOS: length of stay.