Table 2.
Descriptive and bivariate analysis for daily census of ED visit categories from 2019 to 2021.
| Urgency of ED Visit Categories | Pre and During COVID- 19 Time Frame |
ANOVA Test | Comparison |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 (mean ± SD) |
2020 (mean ± SD) |
2021 (mean ± SD) |
Total (mean ± SD) |
2019 vs 2020 | 2019 vs 2021 | 2020 vs 2021 | ||
| HOSPITAL# 1 (RUMC) | ||||||||
| Emergent - Not Preventable/Avoidable | 10.97 ± 3.43 | 11.19 ± 3.48 | 10.33 ± 3.22 | 10.83 ± 3.39 | f = 6.34 df = 2 p = 0.0018 | p = 1 | p=0.0335* | p=0.0019* |
| Emergent - Preventable Avoidable | 3.66 ± 1.93 | 2.71 ± 1.81 | 2.42 ± 1.59 | 2.93 ± 1.86 | f = 47.98 df = 2 p < 0.001 | p<0.001* | p<0.001* | p = 0.0821 |
| Emergent - Primary Care Treatable | 22.88 ± 5.49 | 17.94 ± 6.09 | 15.99 ± 4.54 | 18.94 ± 6.14 | f = 156.87 df = 2 p < 0.001 | p<0.001* | p<0.001* | p<0.001* |
| Non-Emergent | 24.74 ± 5.39 | 19.27 ± 5.54 | 19.21 ± 5.29 | 21.07 ± 5.99 | f = 126.03 df = 2 p < 0.001 | p<0.001* | p<0.001* | p = 1 |
| Injury | 21.4 ± 5.05 | 15.44 ± 6.1 | 16.73 ± 5.14 | 17.86 ± 6.02 | f = 120.86 df = 2 p < 0.001 | p<0.001* | p<0.001* | p=0.0041* |
| Alcohol | 1.74 ± 1.63 | 1.1 ± 1.13 | 1.49 ± 1.36 | 1.44 ± 1.41 | f = 20.06 df = 2 p < 0.001 | p<0.001* | p=0.0459* | p<0.001* |
| Mental Health | 2.01 ± 1.46 | 1.64 ± 1.23 | 1.86 ± 1.4 | 1.84 ± 1.37 | f = 6.87 df = 2 p = 0.0011 | p<0.001* | p = 0.43 | p = 0.0808 |
| Substance Abuse | 0.58 ± 0.77 | 0.72 ± 0.85 | 0.75 ± 0.9 | 0.68 ± 0.84 | f = 4.74 df = 2 p = 0.009 | p=0.05* | p=0.0126* | p = 1 |
| COVID-19 | 0 ± 0 | 8.56 ± 7.93 | 4.95 ± 6.25 | 4.51 ± 6.8 | f = 198.57 df = 2 p < 0.001 | p<0.001* | p<0.001* | p<0.001* |
| Unclassified | 39.33 ± 7.35 | 35.72 ± 9.87 | 31.9 ± 7.2 | 35.65 ± 8.77 | f = 74.4 df = 2 p < 0.001 | p<0.001* | p<0.001* | p<0.001* |
| Total | 127.3 ± 13.67 | 114.3 ± 18.31 | 105.65 ± 14.95 | 115.75 ± 18.09 | f = 174.38 df = 2 p < 0.001 | p<0.001* | p<0.001* | p<0.001* |
| HOSPITAL# 2 (ROPH) | ||||||||
| Emergent - Not Preventable/Avoidable | 5.63 ± 2.5 | 5.75 ± 2.66 | 6.2 ± 2.41 | 5.86 ± 2.54 | f = 5.22 df = 2 p = 0.0055 | p = 1 | p=0.0068* | p=0.0459* |
| Emergent - Preventable Avoidable | 3.41 ± 1.96 | 2.69 ± 1.78 | 2.65 ± 1.66 | 2.92 ± 1.84 | f = 20.52 df = 2 p < 0.001 | p<0.001* | p<0.001* | p = 1 |
| Emergent - Primary Care Treatable | 18.36 ± 5.43 | 15.67 ± 6.24 | 17.2 ± 5.27 | 17.08 ± 5.76 | f = 20.74 df = 2 p < 0.001 | p<0.001* | p=0.0171* | p<0.001* |
| Non-Emergent | 18.59 ± 4.75 | 15.58 ± 5.82 | 16.83 ± 4.72 | 17 ± 5.26 | f = 32.03 df = 2 p < 0.001 | p<0.001* | p<0.001* | p=0.0029* |
| Injury | 18.08 ± 5.2 | 14.4 ± 5.81 | 18.34 ± 5.85 | 16.94 ± 5.9 | f = 56.04 df = 2 p < 0.001 | p<0.001* | p = 1 | p<0.001* |
| Alcohol | 1.28 ± 1.19 | 1.05 ± 1.11 | 1.04 ± 1.11 | 1.12 ± 1.14 | f = 5.32 df = 2 p = 0.005 | p=0.0168* | p=0.0125* | p = 1 |
| Mental Health | 0.96 ± 1.04 | 0.99 ± 1.12 | 1.24 ± 1.19 | 1.07 ± 1.12 | f = 6.83 df = 2 p = 0.0011 | p = 1 | p=0.0022* | p=0.0087* |
| Substance Abuse | 0.45 ± 0.66 | 0.66 ± 0.84 | 0.79 ± 0.96 | 0.64 ± 0.84 | f = 14.99 df = 2 p < 0.001 | p=0.0025* | p<0.001* | p = 0.1143 |
| COVID-19 | 0 ± 0 | 3.27 ± 3.71 | 3.73 ± 4.54 | 2.34 ± 3.77 | f = 132.27 df = 2 p < 0.001 | p<0.001* | p<0.001* | p = 0.197 |
| Unclassified | 27.01 ± 6.51 | 26.5 ± 10.19 | 28.53 ± 6.68 | 27.34 ± 8.01 | f = 6.4 df = 2 p = 0.0017 | p = 1 | p=0.0304* | p=0.0018* |
| Total | 93.78 ± 14.43 | 86.56 ± 21.98 | 96.56 ± 15.47 | 92.29 ± 18.1 | f = 31.37 df = 2 p < 0.001 | p<0.001* | p = 0.1002 | p<0.001* |
| COMBINED HOSPITALS #1 & #2 | ||||||||
| Emergent - Not Preventable/Avoidable | 16.6 ± 4.25 | 16.94 ± 4.52 | 16.53 ± 4.11 | 16.69 ± 4.29 | f = 0.93 df = 2 p = 0.3944 | p = 0.8546 | p = 1 | p = 0.6149 |
| Emergent - Preventable Avoidable | 7.07 ± 2.92 | 5.4 ± 2.85 | 5.08 ± 2.42 | 5.85 ± 2.87 | f = 55.72 df = 2 p < 0.001 | p<0.001* | p<0.001* | p = 0.3273 |
| Emergent - Primary Care Treatable | 41.24 ± 8.19 | 33.61 ± 10.15 | 33.19 ± 7.58 | 36.01 ± 9.45 | f = 98.74 df = 2 p < 0.001 | p<0.001* | p<0.001* | p = 1 |
| Non-Emergent | 43.33 ± 7.7 | 34.84 ± 9.31 | 36.04 ± 7.87 | 38.07 ± 9.13 | f = 111.28 df = 2 p < 0.001 | p<0.001* | p<0.001* | p = 0.1552 |
| Injury | 39.48 ± 7.96 | 29.84 ± 10.13 | 35.07 ± 8.8 | 34.79 ± 9.83 | f = 104.83 df = 2 p < 0.001 | p<0.001* | p<0.001* | p<0.001* |
| Alcohol | 3.02 ± 2.11 | 2.14 ± 1.7 | 2.53 ± 1.84 | 2.57 ± 1.92 | f = 19.82 df = 2 p < 0.001 | p<0.001* | p=0.0014* | p=0.0171* |
| Mental Health | 2.97 ± 1.84 | 2.63 ± 1.59 | 3.1 ± 1.88 | 2.9 ± 1.78 | f = 6.85 df = 2 p = 0.0011 | p = 0.0297 | p = 0.949 | p=0.001* |
| Substance Abuse | 1.03 ± 1.01 | 1.39 ± 1.19 | 1.54 ± 1.34 | 1.32 ± 1.21 | f = 17.78 df = 2 p < 0.001 | p<0.001* | p<0.001* | p = 0.2226 |
| COVID-19 | 0 ± 0 | 11.84 ± 10.47 | 8.69 ± 10.03 | 6.85 ± 9.75 | f = 195.74 df = 2 p < 0.001 | p<0.001* | p<0.001* | p<0.001* |
| Unclassified | 66.33 ± 10.75 | 62.22 ± 17.28 | 60.42 ± 10.99 | 62.99 ± 13.57 | f = 18.79 df = 2 p < 0.001 | p<0.001* | p<0.001* | p = 0.2054 |
| Total | 221.08 ± 22.63 | 200.86 ± 35.19 | 202.21 ± 25.37 | 208.04 ± 29.69 | f = 58.49 df = 2 p < 0.001 | p<0.001* | p<0.001* | p = 1 |
SD, standard deviation.