TABLE 2.
The global all‐age numbers and age‐standardized rates of deaths and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) attributed to various breast cancer risk factors for females, in 1990 and 2019 and the percentages of change in this period
| Risk factor | Measure | Metric | Year | % Change (1990 to 2019) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2019 | ||||
| All risk factors | Deaths | Number | 93,034 (71,550 to 118,362) a | 174,752 (124,414 to 238,420) | 87.8 (66.2 to 107.8) |
| Rate | 4.5 (3.4 to 5.7) | 4 (2.8 to 5.4) | −10.4 (−20.4 to −1.3) | ||
| DALYs | Number | 2,604,747 (2,028,595 to 3,284,783) | 4,568,126 (3,273,418 to 6,178,581) | 75.4 (54.5 to 95.3) | |
| Rate | 120.6 (93.6 to 152) | 104.8 (75.1 to 141.7) | −13.1 (−23.2 to −3.6) | ||
| Behavioral risks | Deaths | Number | 65,507 (54,529 to 75,841) | 96,176 (77,861 to 114,207) | 46.8 (37.5 to 55.9) |
| Rate | 3.1 (2.6 to 3.6) | 2.2 (1.8 to 2.6) | −28.8 (−33.4 to −24.3) | ||
| DALYs | Number | 1,992,711 (1,628,409 to 2,316,758) | 2,771,233 (2,195,102 to 3,302,081) | 39.1 (29.7 to 48.4) | |
| Rate | 91.4 (74.8 to 106.1) | 64.3 (50.9 to 76.6) | −29.6 (−34.5 to −24.6) | ||
| Alcohol use | Deaths | Number | 27,041 (22,267 to 32,290) | 36,319 (29,459 to 43,523) | 34.3 (27.4 to 41.5) |
| Rate | 1.3 (1.1 to 1.5) | 0.8 (0.7 to 1) | −35 (−38.2 to −31.6) | ||
| DALYs | Number | 831,729 (685,936 to 985,548) | 1,049,228 (849,510 to 1,258,594) | 26.2 (19.7 to 33.7) | |
| Rate | 38.1 (31.4 to 45.2) | 24.4 (19.7 to 29.2) | −36.1 (−39.3 to −32.2) | ||
| Diet high in red meat | Deaths | Number | 13,432 (6455 to 17,755) | 22,105 (10,446 to 29,673) | 64.6 (52.5 to 76.5) |
| Rate | 0.6 (0.3 to 0.8) | 0.5 (0.2 to 0.7) | −20.2 (−25.9 to −14.6) | ||
| DALYs | Number | 406,210 (201,759 to 539,830) | 641,072 (306,863 to 857,825) | 57.8 (45.4 to 70.5) | |
| Rate | 18.6 (9.2 to 24.7) | 14.9 (7.1 to 19.9) | −19.8 (−26.2 to −13.5) | ||
| Low physical activity | Deaths | Number | 4412 (2006 to 7693) | 8475 (4078 to 14,305) | 92.1 (73.5 to 113.5) |
| Rate | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.4) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.3) | −11 (−18.8 to −0.9) | ||
| DALYs | Number | 109,946 (51,946 to 202,204) | 197,797 (97,517 to 345,136) | 79.9 (63.2 to 100.3) | |
| Rate | 5.1 (2.4 to 9.4) | 4.6 (2.3 to 8) | −11.2 (−19.3 to −0.6) | ||
| Smoking | Deaths | Number | 16,295 (11,864 to 21,002) | 18,958 (13,578 to 24,787) | 16.3 (9.8 to 22.7) |
| Rate | 0.8 (0.6 to 1) | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.6) | −43.7 (−46.8 to −40.5) | ||
| DALYs | Number | 476,106 (341,399 to 620,974) | 513,437 (361,957 to 674,442) | 7.8 (1.6 to 13.6) | |
| Rate | 22 (15.8 to 28.7) | 11.8 (8.3 to 15.5) | −46.5 (−49.8 to −43.5) | ||
| Secondhand smoke | Deaths | Number | 9903 (2357 to 16,946) | 16,833 (3956 to 29,039) | 70 (54.2 to 86.2) |
| Rate | 0.5 (0.1 to 0.8) | 0.4 (0.1 to 0.7) | −15 (−22.9 to −6.9) | ||
| DALYs | Number | 340,940 (81,842 to 580,568) | 557,662 (134,193 to 967,772) | 63.6 (47.8 to 78.8) | |
| Rate | 15.4 (3.7 to 26.2) | 13.1 (3.1 to 22.7) | −15.2 (−23.4 to −7.2) | ||
| Metabolic risks | Deaths | Number | 33,646 (13,124 to 62,346) | 91,986 (40,256 to 161,745) | 173.4 (142.3 to 244.7) |
| Rate | 1.6 (0.6 to 3) | 2.1 (0.9 to 3.7) | 26.6 (12.2 to 58.8) | ||
| DALYs | Number | 747,640 (254,066 to 1,448,363) | 2,103,186 (844,005 to 3,802,259) | 181.3 (144 to 296) | |
| Rate | 35.7 (12.4 to 68.8) | 47.3 (18.6 to 85.7) | 32.7 (15.5 to 80.4) | ||
| High body‐mass index | Deaths | Number | 15,210 (4467 to 30,773) | 45,203 (18,772 to 81,168) | 197.2 (142.4 to 369.5) |
| Rate | 0.7 (0.2 to 1.5) | 1 (0.4 to 1.8) | 35.4 (10 to 105) | ||
| DALYs | Number | 288,796 (40,552 to 644,192) | 958,187 (305,774 to 1,822,234) | 231.8 (140 to 677.2) | |
| Rate | 14.2 (2.5 to 31.1) | 21 (6.3 to 40.6) | 48.2 (7.3 to 194.3) | ||
| High fasting plasma glucose | Deaths | Number | 19,608 (3730 to 43,213) | 51,060 (9896 to 113,534) | 160.4 (140.9 to 184.4) |
| Rate | 1 (0.2 to 2.1) | 1.2 (0.2 to 2.6) | 22.3 (13.4 to 33) | ||
| DALYs | Number | 484,386 (88,936 to 1,094,215) | 1,239,759 (237,905 to 2,787,940) | 155.9 (136 to 179.3) | |
| Rate | 22.7 (4.2 to 51.1) | 28.5 (5.5 to 64) | 25.4 (15.6 to 36.9) | ||
a
Data in parentheses are 95% uncertainty intervals.