Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and outcome data of an observational cohort of 1303 patients with moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) at ICU discharge.
| Variables | All patients (N = 1,303) | Survivors N = 816 | Non-survivors N = 487 | Mean difference* (95%CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 57.2 ± 15.7 | 54.3 ± 15.7 | 62.0 ± 14.5 | 7.7 (6.0 to 9.4) | < 0.001 |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||
| Male | 903 (69.3) | 566 (69.4) | 337 (69.2) | ||
| Female | 400 (30.7) | 250 (30.6) | 150 (30.8) | 0.2 (− 4.9 to 5.4) | 0.940 |
| Etiology, n (%) | |||||
| Pneumonia | 590 (45.3) | 378 (46.3) | 212 (43.5) | 2.8 (− 2.8 to 8.3) | 0.326 |
| Sepsis | 364 (27.9) | 201 (24.6) | 163 (33.5) | 8.9 (3.8 to 14.1) | < 0.001 |
| Aspiration | 141 (10.8) | 90 (11.0) | 51 (10.5) | 0.5 (− 3.1 to 3.9) | 0.779 |
| Trauma | 112 (8.6) | 96 (11.8) | 16 (3.3) | 8.5 (5.7 to 11.2 | < 0.001 |
| Acute Pancreatitis | 45 (3.5) | 19 (2.3) | 26 (5.3) | 3.0 (0.9 to 5.5) | 0.004 |
| Multiple transfusions | 13 (0.1) | 9 (1.1) | 4 (0.8) | 0.3 (-1.1 to 1.4) | 0.596 |
| Others | 38 (2.9) | 23 (2.8) | 15 (3.1) | 0.3 (-1.5 to 2.5) | 0.755 |
| Degree of ARDS, n (%) | |||||
| Severe | 517 (39.7) | 297 (36.4) | 220 (45.2) | 8.8 (3.3 to 14.3) | 0.002 |
| Moderate | 786 (60.3) | 519 (63.6) | 267 (54.8) | 8.8 (3.3 to 14.3) | 0.002 |
| APACHE II score, mean ± SD | 20.9 (7.0)(§) | 19.6 ± 6.6 | 23.2 ± 7.1 | 3.6 (2.8 to 4.4) | < 0.001 |
| SOFA score, mean ± SD | 9.3 ± 3.5 | 8.5 ± 3.1 | 10.7 ± 3.7 | 2.2 (1.7 to 2.5) | < 0.001 |
| PaO2/FiO2, mmHg, mean ± SD | 115.7 ± 39.0 | 118.6 ± 38.3 | 110.9 ± 39.9 | 7.7 (3.3 to 12.1) | < 0.001 |
| FiO2, mean ± SD | 0.78 ± 0.19 | 0.78 ± 0.19 | 0.79 ± 0.19 | 0.01 (-0.01—0.03) | 0.358 |
| PaO2, mmHg, mean ± SD | 86.0 ± 26.0 | 87.8 ± 26.5 | 82.9 ± 24.9 | 4.9 (2.0 to 7.8) | 0.001 |
| PaCO2, mmHg, mean ± SD | 49.4 ± 12.9 | 48.6 ± 12.2 | 50.7 ± 13.7 | 2.1 (0.7 to 3.5) | 0.004 |
| pH, mean ± SD | 7.30 ± 0.11 | 7.31 ± 0.10 | 7.28 ± 0.12 | 0.03 (0.02 to 0.04) | < 0.001 |
| VT, mL/kg PBW, mean ± SD | 6.8 ± 1.1 | 6.8 ± 1.0 | 6.8 ± 1.1 | 0 (− 0.1 to 0.1) | 1 |
| Respiratory rate, mean ± SD | 21.6 ± 4.9 | 21.5 ± 4.7 | 21.8 ± 5.2 | 0.3 (-0.2 to 0.8) | 0.285 |
| Minute ventilation, L/min, mean ± SD | 9.2 ± 2.2 | 9.2 ± 2.1 | 9.1 ± 2.3 | 0.1 (− 0.3 to 0.1) | 0.423 |
| PEEP, cmH2O, mean ± SD | 11.8 ± 3.3 | 11.8 ± 3.3 | 11.7 ± 3.2 | 0.1 (− 0.5 to 0.3) | 0.593 |
| Plateau pressure, cmH2O, mean ± SD | 26.2 ± 4.9 (¶) | 25.6 ± 4.8 | 27.2 ± 4.9 | 1.6 (1.1 to 2.1) | < 0.001 |
| Driving pressure, cmH2O, mean ± SD | 14.5 ± 4.8 | 13.8 ± 4.5 | 15.5 ± 5.1 | 1,7 (1.2 to 2.2) | < 0.001 |
| No. extrapulmonary OF, mean ± SD | 1.7 ± 1.1 | 1.5 ± 1.0 | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 0.6 (0.5 to 0.7) | < 0.001 |
| Days ventilatory support from diagnosis of moderate/severe ARDS, mean ± SD | 16.7 ± 17.0 | 18.1 ± 17.2 | 14.3 ± 16.4 | 3.8 (1.9 to 5.7) | < 0.001 |
| Days from initiation ventilatory support to diagnosis of moderate/severe ARDS, mean ± SD | 1.3 ± 3.6 | 1.1 ± 2.8 | 1.6 ± 4.6 | 0.5 (0.1 to 0.9) | 0.015 |
(*) Mean difference represents the difference between values in survivors and non-survivors.
APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; CI, confidence interval; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen concentration; ICU, intensive care unit; OF, organ failure; PBW, predicted body weight; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure; SD, standard deviation; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment scale; VT, tidal volume.
(§) APACHE II was missing in 11 survivors and 8 non-survivors.
(¶) Plateau pressure was missing in 6 survivors and 9 non-survivors.