Table 1.
Meta-analyses on the relationships between problematic internet use and mental health
| Study | Study count | Years included | Demographics | Outcome | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tokunaga (2017) | 247 | Before 2015 | All age groups | Depressive symptoms, loneliness |
r = 0.53 r = 0.29 |
| Lei et al. (2020) | 70 | 2004–2018 | Chinese students | Subjective well-being |
r = − 0.313 r = − 0.21 r = − 0.183 |
| Lozano-Blasco and Cortes-Pascual (2020) | 13 | 2013–2019 | 12–18 years | Depressive symptoms | r = 0.3 |
| Saadati et al. (2021) | 16 | 2009–2018 | All age groups | Loneliness | r = 0.26 |