Fig. 6.

Representative images of amyloid pathology and inflammatory responses in the Tet-Off APP mouse model. Ex vivo evaluation was performed within key brain regions, such as the hippocampus, cortex, amygdala, olfactory bulb, cerebellum and brainstem in Tet-Off APP (AD) and control (CTL) mice. The uppermost panel shows sagittal planes (interaural respectively at − 1.92 mm or − 0.6 mm) from the Paxinos atlas indicating the selected brain slices and area locations. A Amyloid plaques (green) stained with Thioflavin-S were detected in brain regions characteristic of the model, such as the hippocampus, the cortical areas and olfactory bulb. The blood vessels were labelled with lectin (tomato—red). B Clear evidence of microgliosis within the brain tissue with characteristic large clusters of microglia (Iba-1, blue) observed in AD mice; blood vessels (lectin, green). C AD mice showed extensive and wide-spread astrogliosis, astrocytes identified by GFAP immunostaining (red), compared to control littermates even in brain regions devoid of plaques (i.e. brainstem); blood vessels (lectin, green). D AQP4 (magenta) immunohistochemical staining patterns along blood vessels (lectin, green). Scale bar, 100 µm for all images