Table 1.

Comparison of the developed miniature biosensor with other biosensors previously reported for the detection of SARS-CoV-2-S protein.

Biosensor	Linear range	LOD	Reference
MIP/DTSSPa/4-ATPb/Au-TFMEc	2.0 ∼ 14.5 pg mL−1	1.12 pg mL−1	[9]
AuNPs/carbon cloth	0 ∼ 1000 ng mL−1	110 pg mL−1	[19]d
AuNPs/carbon cloth	0 ∼ 1000 ng mL−1	37.8 ng mL−1	[19]e
MIP/MP-Au-SPEf	2.0 ∼ 40.0 pg mL−1	0.7 pg mL−1	[32]
AN biosensor	0.1 ∼ 1000 ng mL−1	38 pg mL−1	This work

^aDTSSP: 3,3′-dithiobis (sulfosuccinimidyl propionate).

^b4-ATP: 4-aminothiophenol.

^cAu-TFME: Au thin-film metal electrode.

^dby differential pulse voltammetry.

^eby chronopotentiometry

^fMP-Au-SPE: macroporous gold screen-printed electrode.