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. 2023 Jan 27;18:11. doi: 10.1186/s13017-023-00476-w

Table 2.

MINORS scores assessing the risk of bias in non-randomized studies

Clearly stated aim Inclusion of consecutive patients Prospective data collection Endpoints appropriate to study aim Unbiased assessment of study endpoint Follow-up appropriate to study aim  < 5% Lost to follow up Prospective calculation of study size Adequate control group Contemporary
groups
Baseline equivalence of groups Adequate statistical analyses TOTAL MINORS SCORE
Jaffer et al. [29] 2 2 2 2 0 2 0 0 NA NA NA NA 10/16
Kim et al. [27] 2 2 0 2 0 2 0 0 2 2 1 2 15/24
Lin et al. [21] 2 2 0 2 0 2 0 0 NA NA NA NA 8/16
Liao et al. [22] 2 2 1 2 0 2 0 0 2 1 2 2 16/24
Abdelrahman et al. [31] 2 2 1 2 0 2 0 0 NA NA NA NA 9/16
Kim et al. [23] 2 2 0 2 0 2 0 0 NA NA NA NA 8/16
Mán et al. [24] 2 2 0 2 0 2 0 0 2 2 2 2 16/24
Brown et al. [32] 2 2 1 2 0 2 0 0 NA NA NA NA 9/16
Kim et al. [30] 2 2 2 2 0 2 0 1 2 2 1 2 18/24
Lee et al. [25] 2 2 0 2 0 2 0 0 2 2 1 2 15/24
Ussia et al. [26] 2 2 0 2 0 2 0 0 2 2 2 2 16/24
Angeramo et al. [28] 2 2 1 2 0 2 0 0 NA NA NA NA 9/16
Kubat et al. [20] 2 2 2 2 0 2 0 0 2 2 1 2 17/24