Table 5.
Sensitivity analysis for the effects of standardized average maternal urinary fluoride (MUF), infant fluoride intake (IFI) and child urinary fluoride (CUF) on age-normed IQ scores after excluding influential dyads. B (95% CI reported.
| Males (n = 288)a | Females (n = 302)b | Overall (N = 590)c | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FSIQ | |||
| MUF | −1.22 (−2.41, −0.04) | −1.00 (−2.84, 0.84) | −1.14 (−2.25, −0.04) |
| IFI | 0.10 (−1.55, 1.75) | −1.58 (−3.17, 0.01) | −0.76 (−1.89, 0.38) |
| CUF | 0.40 (−1.14, 1.95) | −0.00 (−1.61, 1.61) | 0.18 (−1.01, 1.38) |
|
| |||
| pint | .19 | .12 | .08 |
|
| |||
| PIQ | |||
| MUF | −2.39 (−4.05, −0.73) | −2.00 (−4.19, 0.20) | −2.24 (−3.56, −0.92) |
| IFI | −1.38 (−3.32, 0.55) | −3.59 (−5.48, −1.70) | −2.51 (−3.86, −1.16) |
| CUF | −1.17 (−3.29, 0.94) | −1.21 (−3.12, 0.71) | −1.19 (−2.61, 0.23) |
|
| |||
| pint | .01 | <.001 | <.0001 |
|
| |||
| VIQ | |||
| MUF | 0.25 (−1.11, 1.61) | 0.33 (−1.47, 2.13) | 0.28 (−0.80, 1.36) |
| IFI | 1.35 (−0.24, 2.93) | 0.64 (−0.91, 2.19) | 0.99 (−0.12, 2.09) |
| CUF | 1.89 (0.16, 3.62) | 0.98 (−0.60, 2.55) | 1.39 (0.23, 2.56) |
|
| |||
| pint | .13 | .36 | .03 |
Note. Covariates include maternal education, maternal race, total HOME score, age that children provided CUF, and prenatal second-hand smoke. Mother-child dyads were influential if DFBETAS indices were >0.40 and/or child FSIQ <70. pint refers to the interaction between exposure timing and fluoride level. Influence analyses were conducted simultaneously for boys, girls, and overall effects for each outcome. Bolded estimates are significant, p < .05 (p values corrected for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini-Hochberg FDR method).
FSIQ n = 287.
PIQ n = 301.
FSIQ and PIQ N = 589.