Table 2.
A 5% higher calorie intake from usual intake of fatty acids and risk for heart disease mortality among 45,820 adults.
| Models | SFA | MUFA | PUFA | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Overall (N = 45,820) | ||||||
| Model 1 | 1.19 (1.11–1.28) | < 0.001 | 1.13 (1.05–1.21) | 0.002 | 0.81 (0.74–0.89) | < 0.001 |
| Model 2 | 1.17 (1.08–1.26) | < 0.001 | 1.06 (0.99–1.14) | 0.118 | 0.83 (0.75–0.92) | < 0.001 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 (0.93–1.08) | 0.986 | 0.93 (0.86–1.01) | 0.074 | 0.89 (0.81–0.97) | 0.012 |
| Model 4 | 1.02 (0.94–1.10) | 0.673 | 0.95 (0.88–1.03) | 0.224 | 0.91 (0.83–1.00) | 0.048 |
| Participants with prior MI (N = 1,541) | ||||||
| Model 1 | 1.12 (0.94–1.33) | 0.198 | 1.10 (0.94–1.30) | 0.245 | 0.94 (0.75–1.17) | 0.571 |
| Model 2 | 1.11 (0.93–1.33) | 0.234 | 1.08 (0.91–1.27) | 0.386 | 0.93 (0.75–1.17) | 0.549 |
| Model 3 | 1.01 (0.84–1.23) | 0.892 | 0.95 (0.80–1.13) | 0.590 | 0.95 (0.77–1.18) | 0.649 |
| Model 4 | 1.05 (0.86–1.27) | 0.652 | 0.95 (0.80–1.13) | 0.540 | 0.94 (0.75–1.16) | 0.546 |
| Participants without prior MI (N = 44,279) | ||||||
| Model 1 | 1.21 (1.12–1.32) | < 0.001 | 1.12 (1.04–1.22) | 0.005 | 0.79 (0.71–0.88) | < 0.001 |
| Model 2 | 1.20 (1.10–1.30) | < 0.001 | 1.06 (0.97–1.15) | 0.185 | 0.80 (0.72–0.90) | < 0.001 |
| Model 3 | 1.03 (0.94–1.12) | 0.572 | 0.94 (0.86–1.02) | 0.121 | 0.86 (0.78–0.96) | 0.007 |
| Model 4 | 1.04 (0.95–1.13) | 0.413 | 0.96 (0.88–1.05) | 0.340 | 0.89 (0.80–0.99) | 0.032 |
Model 1: adjusted for age; Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity; Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, obesity, poverty-income ratio, education, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking status, survey period, usual intake of protein (natural log transformed), and usual intake of carbohydrate (natural log transformed); Model 4: adjusted for all the factors in Model 3 plus systolic blood pressure (natural log transformed), total cholesterol (natural log transformed), and hemoglobin A1c (natural log transformed).
CI Confidence interval, HR Hazard ratio, MI Myocardial infarction, MUFA Monounsaturated fatty acid, PUFA Polyunsaturated fatty acid, SFA Saturated fatty acid.