Table 2.
PTSD, depression, and anxiety symptom scores change over time by race/ethnicity in unadjusted models and in models adjusting for risk factors at time 1
| Race/ethnicity scores by outcome | Unadjusted scores | Adjusted scoresa | Average Δ [95% CI] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time 1 | Time 2 | Time 3 | Time 1 | Time 2 | Time 3 | ||
| PTSD | |||||||
| Asian (N = 91) | 13.94 | 12.91 | 10.87 | 16.15 | 15.12 | 13.08 | −1.54 [−4.51 to 1.44] |
| Latinx (N = 196) | 19.02‡ | 16.45 | 11.31 | 17.83 | 15.26 | 10.12‡ | −3.86 [−5.65 to −2.07]*,‡ |
| Black (N = 310) | 19.12‡ | 18.96‡ | 18.63‡ | 16.48 | 16.32 | 15.99 | −0.24 [−1.52 to 1.03] |
| Multiracial (N = 60) | 23.77‡ | 22.99‡ | 21.45‡ | 19.15 | 18.37 | 16.83 | −1.16 [−4.21 to 1.90] |
| Referent group: White (N = 653) | 14.72 | 13.84 | 12.08 | 16.44 | 15.57 | 13.81 | −1.32 [−2.06 to −0.57]* |
| Referent group s.d. | (15.86) | (17.79) | (19.29) | (9.74) | |||
| Depression | |||||||
| Asian (N = 91) | 9.38 | 8.43 | 6.55 | 10.21 | 9.27 | 7.39 | −1.41 [−2.94 to 0.12] |
| Latinx (N = 196) | 9.86 | 9.08 | 7.53 | 9.67 | 8.89 | 7.34 | −1.17 [−2.14 to −0.19]* |
| Black (N = 310) | 9.09 | 8.94 | 8.65 | 8.31‡ | 8.17‡ | 7.88 | −0.22 [−0.88 to 0.44] |
| Multiracial (N = 60) | 11.09 | 11.32 | 11.78 | 9.41 | 9.64 | 10.10 | 0.34 [−1.25 to 1.94] |
| Referent group: White (N = 653) | 9.66 | 9.02 | 7.73 | 10.12 | 9.48 | 8.20 | −0.96 [−1.34 to −0.59]* |
| Referent group s.d. | (6.81) | (9.03) | (9.81) | (4.87) | |||
| Anxiety | |||||||
| Asian (N = 91) | 6.51 | 6.33 | 5.97 | 7.32 | 7.14 | 6.78 | −0.27 [−1.54 to 0.99] |
| Latinx (N = 196) | 9.06‡ | 8.28 | 6.73 | 8.43 | 7.65 | 6.11 | −1.16 [−1.96 to −0.36]* |
| Black (N = 310) | 7.91 | 7.96 | 8.06 | 7.03‡ | 7.08‡ | 7.18 | 0.07 [−0.54 to 0.69] |
| Multiracial (N = 60) | 9.46‡ | 9.10‡ | 8.38 | 7.91 | 7.55 | 6.84 | −0.54 [−1.94 to 0.86] |
| Referent group: White (N = 653) | 7.65 | 7.30 | 6.58 | 8.29 | 7.93 | 7.21 | −0.54 [−0.89 to −0.18]* |
| Referent group s.d. | (6.69) | (8.48) | (9.16) | (4.63) | |||
PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder; CI, confidence interval; s.d., standard deviation of the referent group (in parentheses).
a
Models adjusted for pre-, peri-, and post-trauma risk factors at Time 1.
*Statistically significant outcome scores change at the 0.05 level across times.
‡
Statistically significant difference at the 0.05 level compared to White patients, conditional on a significant omnibus test to adjust for multiple comparisons.