Fig. 1.

Severity of psoriasis-like skin phenotype increases with age in K14-VEGF transgenic mice, and this is accompanied with changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota. a Macroscopic characteristics of the ears in 2 M, 4 M, and 6 M mice. b PASI score of ears in 2 M, 4 M, and 6 M mice. c Representative H&E staining of ears of 2 M, 4 M, and 6 M mice. (Scale bars: 50 μm). d Pathological score of ear sections using the Baker scoring system. e Relative mRNA expression of IL-17A in the ears of 2 M, 4 M, and 6 M mice. f Principal coordinates analysis (PcoA) of unweighted UniFrac distance based on 16s rDNA profiling of feces from 2 M, 4 M, and 6 M mice. g Relative abundance of dominant species in the feces from 2 M, 4 M, and 6 M mice. h Results of linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis showing bacteria, at the lowest taxonomic level, that were significantly different in abundance in 2 M and 6 M mice. i, j Fecal contents of 2 M, 4 M, and 6 M mice were analyzed for Prevotella and Parabacteroides distasonis colonization by qPCR. k Representative fluorescence in situ hybridization for Prevotella (Prv392) and Parabacteroides distasonis (PD) in the colon. Data presented as mean ± SD on relevant graphs. *P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01; ***P ≤ 0.005 (one-way ANOVA). 2 M (n = 6), 4 M (n = 6), and 6 M (n = 6). LDA linear discriminant analysis