Table 1.
Studies investigating apremilast in palmoplantar psoriasis (PP)
| Author, year, study name, study type | Comparison | Number of patients | PPPASI 50 (%) | PPPGA 0 or 1 (%) (baseline PPPGA ≥ 3) | Secondary outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
PSOR-005 RCT |
Apremilast vs. placebo | 49 (19 baseline PPPGA ≥ 3) | 66.7 vs. 20.0 (APR vs. PBO) (week 16) | ||
|
ESTEEM 1 RCT |
Apremilast vs. placebo | 254 (83 baseline PPPGA ≥ 3) | 38.6 vs. 30.8 (APR vs. PBO) (week 16) | ||
|
ESTEEM 2 RCT |
Apremilast vs. placebo | 124 (42 baseline PPPGA ≥ 3) | 65.4 vs. 31.3 (APR vs. PBO) (week 16) | ||
|
Bissonnette et al. 2018 [12] RCT |
Apremilast vs. placebo | 100 (baseline PPPGA ≥ 3) | 36.0 vs 22.0 (APR vs. PBO) (week 16) [P = 0.119] | 14.0 vs. 4.0 (APR vs. PBO) (week 16) [P = 0.1595] |
Mean PPPASI improvement (%): 39.6 vs. 23.1 (APR vs. PBO) (week 16) [P = 0.0167] PPPASI 75 (%): 22.0 vs. 8.0 (APR vs. PBO) (week 16) [P = 0.0499] Mean DLQI improvement: 4.3 vs. 0.8 (APR vs. PBO) (week 16) [P = 0.0004] |
|
Kt et al. [19] 2021 MTX comparative trial |
Apremilast vs. methotrexate | 84 (76/84 PP, 8/84 PPP) | 59.5 vs. 64.3 (APR vs. MTX) (week 16) |
Median PPPASI improvement (%): 62.3 vs. 65.8 (APR vs. MTX) (week 16) [P = 0.39, (95% CI = – 4.2–2.1)] PPPASI 75 (%): 33.3 vs. 40.5 (APR vs. MTX) (week 16) [P = 0.49] Mean DLQI improvement (%): 50.0 vs. 47.6 (APR vs. MTX) (week 16) [P = 0.99 (95% CI = – 1.0–2.0)] |
|
|
Hassanandani et al. 2022 [20] MTX comparative trial |
Apremilast methotrexate combination vs. methotrexate | 60 (baseline PPPGA ≥ 3) | 80.0 vs. 60.0 (APR + MTX vs. MTX) (week 16) [P = < 0.05] |
Mean PPPASI improvement (%): 81.5 vs. 71.7 (APR + MTX vs. MTX) (week 16) [P = 0.002] PPPASI 75 (%): 43.3 vs. 30.0 (APR + MTX vs. MTX) (week 16) [P = 0.001] Mean DLQI improvement (%): 66.9 vs. 58.9 (APR + MTX vs. MTX) (week 16) [P = 0.001] |
|
|
Ioannides et al. 2021 [22] APRAISAL Prospective Cohort |
None | 111 (44 with baseline PPPGA ≥ 3) | 72.7 (week 52) [95% CI = 59.6–85.9] | Median DLQI score improvement (%): 75.0 (week 24) (includes non-palmoplantar psoriasis) | |
|
Del Alcázar et al. 2020 [23] Retrospective cohort |
None | 85 (mean baseline PPPGA 4.2) | 36.1 and 83.3 (weeks 12 and 52) (as observed) | Drug survival after 1 year of treatment (%): 54.9 (includes non-palmoplantar psoriasis) | |
|
Reich et al. 2019 [26] LAPIS-PSO Prospective cohort |
None | 67 (28 with baseline PPPGA ≥ 3) | PPPGA 0 or 1 (baseline PPPGA ≥ 1) (%): 62.7 and 71.7 (week 16 and 52) (full analysis set) | ||
|
Pavia et al. 2022 [24] Retrospective cohort |
None | 12 (11 with baseline PPPGA ≥ 3) | 90.9 (week 24) | ||
|
Ständer et al. 2020 [29] Case series |
None | 6 (palmoplantar pustular psoriasis) |
PGA of 0 or 1 (%): 83.3 (week 4) PGA 0 or 1 (%): 100.0 (week 12) |
||
|
Aceituno-Madera et al. 2018 [27] Case series |
None | 4 | PPPGA 0 or 1 (%): 50.0 (week 16) |
APR apremilast, DLQI Dermatology Quality of Life Index, MTX methotrexate, PBO placebo, PGA physician global assessment, PPPASI Palmoplantar Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, PPPGA palmoplantar physician global assessment, RCT randomized controlled trial