Table 2.
Longitudinal changes in sugar-sweetened beverage, added sugar intakes and BMI according to tertiles of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption at baseline†
| Baseline SSB intake (times/week) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 (n 243) | T2 (n 202) | T3 (n 172) | ||||
| Median | Interquartile range | Median | Interquartile range | Median | Interquartile range | |
| Baseline | ||||||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 53 | 45 | 48 | |||
| Female | 47 | 55 | 52 | |||
| Age | 27 | 15, 48 | 27 | 15, 46 | 27 | 16, 47 |
| Adolescents | 39 | 34 | 32 | |||
| Young adults | 26 | 34 | 34 | |||
| Middle-aged adults | 35 | 32 | 34 | |||
| SSB (times/week) | 1 | 0, 2 | 4 | 3, 6** | 10 | 8, 14** |
| SSB (ml/d) | 36 | 0, 71 | 214 | 143, 357* | 750 | 411, 1786** |
| Sugar from SSB (g/d) | 4 | 0, 7 | 21 | 14, 35* | 74 | 41, 177** |
| Table sugar (g/d) | 24 | 11, 46 | 23 | 14, 45 | 22 | 10, 39 |
| Fruit juice (ml/d) | 0 | 0, 54 | 0 | 0, 71 | 36 | 0, 143 |
| Energy from added sugar (kJ/d) | 1003 | 600, 1722 | 1128 | 650, 1910 | 993 | 586, 1635 |
| % TE from added sugar | 10 | 7, 15 | 11 | 8, 15 | 10 | 7, 14 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23·4 | 20·0, 29·3 | 23·9 | 20·0, 29·2 | 24·9 | 19·8, 29·8 |
| 12 months | ||||||
| SSB (times/week) | 3 | 1, 6 | 3 | 1, 6 | 3 | 1, 6 |
| SSB (ml/d) | 134 | 47, 250 | 142 | 47, 250 | 143 | 41, 280 |
| Sugar from SSB (g/d) | 12 | 4, 22 | 12 | 4, 22 | 13 | 4, 24 |
| Table sugar (g/d) | 27 | 12, 48 | 24 | 10, 46 | 24 | 8, 44 |
| Fruit juice (ml/d) | 0 | 0, 36 | 0 | 0, 50 | 0 | 0, 71 |
| Energy from added sugar (kJ/d) | 1091 | 717, 1757 | 1053 | 601, 1742 | 1119 | 666, 1651 |
| % TE from added sugar | 11 | 8, 15 | 10 | 7, 14 | 12 | 7, 15 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23·6 | 19·9, 30·0 | 25·0 | 20·7, 29·9 | 25·1 | 19·8, 30·8 |
| Changes from baseline | ||||||
| SSB (times/week) | 2 | 0, 5 | –2 | –3, 1** | −7 | –11, −4** |
| SSB (ml/d) | 94 | 0, 226 | –107 | –250, 36* | −536 | –1598, –205** |
| Sugar from SSB (g/d) | 8 | 0, 19 | –11 | –28, 1* | −55 | –160, –23** |
| Table sugar (g/d) | 3 | –12, 23 | –1 | –18, 19 | 0 | –15, 17 |
| Energy from added sugar (kJ/d) | 35 | –525, 584 | –29 | –571, 380 | 105 | –460, 711 |
| % TE from added sugar | –0·2 | –4·3, 4·1 | –1·2 | –5·4, 3·5 | 0·8 | –3·3, 4·5 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0·4 | –2·2, 2·2 | 0·5 | –2·2, 3·3 | 0·2 | –3·6, 3·4 |
| 24 months | ||||||
| SSB (times/week) | 3 | 1, 7 | 3 | 1, 6 | 4 | 2, 7 |
| SSB (ml/d) | 119 | 36, 286 | 143 | 47, 286 | 143 | 71, 321 |
| Sugar from SSB (g/d) | 9 | 3, 22 | 11 | 4, 22 | 11 | 6, 25 |
| Table sugar (g/d) | 21 | 10, 44 | 21 | 11, 39 | 18 | 9, 40 |
| Fruit juice (ml/d) | 0 | 0, 71 | 0 | 0, 71 | 0 | 0, 36 |
| Energy from added sugar (kJ/d) | 996 | 579, 1626 | 1084 | 640, 1478 | 967 | 612, 1477 |
| % TE from added sugar | 10 | 7, 14 | 10 | 7, 13 | 11 | 7; 15 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24·1 | 20·2, 30·3 | 25·2 | 21·0, 30·3 | 25·1 | 20·2, 31·7 |
| Changes from 12 months | ||||||
| SSB (times/week) | 0 | –2, 2 | 0 | –2; 3 | 0 | –1; 3 |
| SSB (ml/d) | 0 | –96, 107 | 0 | –107, 116 | 0 | –90, 107 |
| Sugar from SSB (g/d) | –1 | –10, 7 | –1 | –9, 8 | –1 | –10, 8 |
| Table sugar (g/d) | 0 | –18, 11 | 0 | –15; 8 | –1 | –19; 8 |
| Energy from added sugar (kJ/d) | –96 | –575, 414 | –67 | –499, 318 | –129 | –588, 292 |
| % TE from added sugar | –0·6 | –4·7, 3·9 | 0·5 | –3·5, 4·1 | –0·2 | –3·9, 3·8 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0·2 | –0·5, 0·9 | 0·3 | –0·4, 1·3 | 0·3 | –0·6, 1·2 |
| Changes from baseline | ||||||
| SSB (times/week) | 2 | 0, 6 | –1 | –3, 1** | –6 | –10, –3** |
| SSB (ml/d) | 71 | 0, 250 | –106 | –250, 46* | –540 | –1523, –221** |
| Sugar from SSB (g/d) | 6 | –1, 19 | –11 | –28, 1* | –57 | –157, –26** |
| Table sugar (g/d) | 0 | –17, 17 | –3 | –20, 11 | –2 | –17, 11 |
| Energy from added sugar (kJ/d) | –48 | –600, 475 | –153 | –673, 298 | –106 | –576, 384 |
| % TE from added sugar | –0·4 | –5·3, 3·6 | –1·7 | –5·1, 3·0 | 0·5 | –4·1, 4·7 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0·6 | –2·3, 3·2 | 0·9 | –2·0, 3·7 | 1·0 | –3·3, 3·8 |
Data presented as median (interquartile range) (continuous variables) or % (categorical variables).
SSB, sugar-sweetened beverage; TE, total energy intake (kJ/d); sugar per SSB defined as 9·90 g/100 ml (2017); 8·75 g/100 ml (2018); 7·84 g/100 ml (2019).
†
Between-group comparisons assessed via linear regression analysis adjusted for age and sex; *P < 0·05, **P < 0·001 medium and high intakes v. low intake (reference category).