Table 3.
Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) (95 % CI) of mortality by quintile of diet quality scores*
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | P-linear trend | Continuous exposure† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HEI-2015 | |||||||
| Quintile median | 36 | 45 | 51 | 57 | 65 | ||
| Quintile range | 13–41 | 41–48 | 48–54 | 54–60 | 60–89 | ||
| Model 1‡ | 0·0008 | ||||||
| HR | 1·0 (ref) | 0·75 | 0·74 | 0·79 | 0·60 | 0·84 | |
| 95 % CI | 0·59, 0·95 | 0·59, 0·94 | 0·63, 0·98 | 0·46 0·79 | 0·77, 0·92 | ||
| Model 2§ | 0·20 | ||||||
| HR | 1·0 (ref) | 0·78 | 0·82 | 0·97 | 0·77 | 0·92 | |
| 95 % CI | 0·60, 1·03 | 0·63, 1·07 | 0·74, 1·26 | 0·57,1·03 | 0·84, 1·01 | ||
| PDQS (scoring approach 1)‖ | |||||||
| Quintile median | 10 | 14 | 16 | 17 | 21 | ||
| Quintile range | 5–11 | 12–14 | 15–16 | 17–18 | 19–29 | ||
| Model 1‡ | <0·0001 | ||||||
| HR | 1·0 (ref) | 0·90 | 0·87 | 0·66 | 0·53 | 0·81 | |
| 95 % CI | 0·70, 1·16 | 0·65, 1·16 | 0·49, 0·88 | 0·42 0·68 | 0·75, 0·88 | ||
| Model 2§ | 0·01 | ||||||
| HR | 1·0 (ref) | 1·02 | 1·07 | 0·86 | 0·75 | 0·91 | |
| 95 % CI | 0·79, 1·32 | 0·79, 1·45 | 0·63, 1·19 | 0·57,0·99 | 0·83, 1·00 | ||
| PDQS (scoring approach 2)¶ | |||||||
| Quintile median | 10 | 13 | 15 | 17 | 21 | ||
| Quintile range | 5–12 | 12–14 | 14–16 | 16–18·5 | 19–30 | ||
| Model 1‡ | <0·0001 | ||||||
| HR | 1·0 (ref) | 0·79 | 0·78 | 0·66 | 0·51 | 0·81 | |
| 95 % CI | 0·58, 1·06 | 0·61, 0·99 | 0·50, 0·87 | 0·39, 0·67 | 0·74, 0·88 | ||
| Model 2§ | 0·03 | ||||||
| HR | 1·0 (ref) | 0·83 | 0·93 | 0·82 | 0·70 | 0·91 | |
| 95 % CI | 0·60, 1·14 | 0·70, 1·22 | 0·61, 1·12 | 0·51, 0·96 | 0·83, 1·00 | ||
PDQS, Prime Diet Quality Score; N 5525, events = 767.
Proportional hazards models used to estimate HR and 95 % CI; higher scores indicate greater dietary quality; HEI-2015: Health Eating Index-2015.
Standardised to probit scores (1-sd).
Models adjusted for age (continuous), sex and race/ethnicity.
Models adjusted for age (continuous), sex, race/ethnicity, day of week (weekend v. weekday), smoking status (nonsmoker, past and current), alcohol use (nondrinker, 2–4 drinks/week, 5–10 drinks/week, 11–18 drinks/week or 19+ drinks/week), physical activity (low, medium and high), BMI (<25, 25–29.9, 30–34.9, 35 and above).
‘Healthy’ components: ‘0’ =no foods from component eaten during both days, ‘1’ = foods consumed on one day, ‘2’ foods consumed on both days. ‘Unhealthy’ components were reversely coded. Minimum quantities used as cut-offs.
Daily gram ranges identified using data from several countries, assigning 0, 1 or 2 points for each component (negative components reversely scored).