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. 2023 Jan 24;9(1):e001461. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001461

Table 2.

Perceived modifiable risk factors for hamstring injuries, divided between intrinsic factors (players) and extrinsic factors (coaching, team, club)

Total group (n=15)
Weighted average
Group LOW (n=7)
Weighted average
Group HIGH (n=8) Weighted average
Intrinsic risk factors (players)
Residual weakness after previous hamstring injury 3.5 3.6 3.5
Strength asymmetry of hamstrings (R/L ratio, Q/H ratio) 3.3 3.4 3.1
Lack of eccentric strength of the hamstrings 3.2 3.3 3.1
Fatigue 3.1 2.6 3.6
Poor core stability
(lumbopelvic control)
3.1 2.9 3.3
Poor coordination 2.8 2.9 2.8
Player wellness
(sleep patterns, relationships, etc)
2.5 2.0 3.0
Poor flexibility 2.4 2.1 2.6
Poor nutrition 2.1 2.3 2.0
Mean 26/9=2.9 25/9=2.8 27/9=3.0
Extrinsic risk factors (coaching, team, club)
Lack of communication between medical staff and coaching staff 3.7 3.6 3.8
Lack of regular exposure to high-speed football during training 3.6 3.8 3.5
Load on players 3.5 3.1 3.8
Lack of in-season recovery strategies 3.5 3.6 3.4
Lack of interest in prevention strategies in the team or club 3.4 3.3 3.5
Playing matches 2–3 times a week 3.3 3.4 3.3
Lack of regular exposure to strength training (eccentric/isometric/concentric) 3.2 3.4 3.0
Training/exercise surveillance by coaching staff 3.2 3.1 3.3
Off-season loading/recovery 2.7 2.4 3.0
No and expertise of the medical staff 2.7 2.3 3.1
Style of coach leadership 2.7 2.1 3.3
Medical budget 1.9 1.4 2.3
Mean 37/12=3.1 36/12=3.0 39/12=3.2