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. 2023 Jan 24;13(1):e052772. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052772

Table 3.

Characteristics of included participants

Characteristics/candidate variables Min Lower quartile Median Upper quartile Max. Freq. (%)—if categorical Missing values n (%)
Anthropometrics
 1. Age at PHE (years) 16.01 17.80 19.69 23.56 39.59 0 (0)
 2. Height (cm) 164.3 176.0 180.0 185.5 195.0 18 (5.68)
 3. Weight (kg) 56.8 69.2 73.6 80.0 94.0 18 (5.68)
Past medical history
 Within 3 years prior to PHE, freq. of:
 4. Foot/ankle injuries 0 0 1 2 7 0 (0)
 5. Hip/groin injuries 0 0 0 1 5 0 (0)
 6. Knee injuries 0 0 0 1 3 0 (0)
 7. Shoulder injuries 0 0 0 0 2 0 (0)
 8. Lumbar spine injuries 0 0 0 0 3 0 (0)
 9. Iliopsoas IMIs 0 0 0 0 2 0 (0)
 10. Hip adductor IMIs 0 0 0 0 3 0 (0)
 11. Hamstring IMIs 0 0 0 1 6 0 (0)
 12. Quadriceps IMIs 0 0 0 0 3 0 (0)
 13. Calf IMIs 0 0 0 0 4 0 (0)
 Within 3 years prior to PHE, most recent:
 14. Foot/ankle injury Never 143 (45.11) 0 (0)
<6 months 43 (13.56) 0 (0)
6–12 months 34 (10.73) 0 (0)
>12 months 97 (30.60) 0 (0)
 15. Hip/groin injury Never 217 (68.45) 0 (0)
<6 months 23 (7.26) 0 (0)
6–12 months 23 (7.26) 0 (0)
>12 months 54 (17.03) 0 (0)
 16. Knee injury Never 201 (63.41) 0 (0)
<6 months 15 (4.73) 0 (0)
6–12 months 31 (9.78) 0 (0)
>12 months 70 (22.08) 0 (0)
 17. Shoulder injury Never 297 (93.69) 0 (0)
<6 months 6 (1.89) 0 (0)
6–12 months 4 (1.26) 0 (0)
>12 months 10 (3.15) 0 (0)
 18. Lumbar spine injury Never 264 (83.28) 0 (0)
<6 months 8 (2.52) 0 (0)
6–12 months 9 (2.84) 0 (0)
>12 months 36 (11.36) 0 (0)
 19. Iliopsoas IMI Never 287 (90.54) 0 (0)
<6 months 2 (0.63) 0 (0)
6–12 months 9 (2.84) 0 (0)
>12 months 19 (5.99) 0 (0)
 20. Hip adductor IMI Never 263 (82.92) 0 (0)
<6 months 18 (5.68) 0 (0)
6–12 months 12 (3.79) 0 (0)
>12 months 24 (7.57) 0 (0)
 21. Hamstring IMI Never 231 (72.87) 0 (0)
<6 months 11 (3.47) 0 (0)
6–12 months 30 (9.46) 0 (0)
>12 months 45 (14.20) 0 (0)
 22. Quadriceps IMI Never 267 (84.23) 0 (0)
<6 months 7 (2.21) 0 (0)
6–12 months 13 (4.10) 0 (0)
>12 months 30 (9.46) 0 (0)
 23. Calf IMI Never 283 (89.27) 0 (0)
<6 months 11 (3.47) 0 (0)
6–12 months 6 (1.89) 0 (0)
>12 months 17 (5.36) 0 (0)
Musculoskeletal examination
 24. Mean PROM hip IR (deg.) 9.5 22.5 33.0 40.0 55.0 20 (6.31)
 25. Mean PROM hip ER (deg.) 17.5 33.5 38.5 43.0 62.0 20 (6.31)
 26. Mean hip flexor length (deg.) −7.0 3.5 9.0 15.0 55.0 23 (7.26)
 27. Mean hamstring/neural mobility length (deg.) 45.0 84.0 90.0 90.0 102.0 20 (6.31)
 28. Mean calf muscle length (deg.) 9.5 25.0 30.0 36.0 57.5 20 (6.31)
Strength/power tests
 29: Max. leg extension power difference (W/kg−0.67) −11.94 −1.55 0.29 1.77 15.26 45 (14.20)
 30: Mean of max. leg extension power (W/kg−0.67) 23.01 42.12 46.52 51.95 78.69 45 (14.20)
 31: Max. leg extension velocity difference (m.s −1) −0.34 −0.05 0.02 0.11 0.40 41 (12.93)
 32: Mean of max. leg extension velocity (m.s −1) 1.02 1.68 1.84 1.98 2.35 41 (12.93)
 33: Max leg extension force difference (N/kg−0.67) −83.59 −6.18 1.17 4.40 55.41 45 (14.20)
 34: Mean of max. leg extension force (N/kg−0.67) 50.19 98.59 101.44 113.44 217.95 45 (14.20)
 35: CMJ force per kg of body mass 20.20 23.40 25.40 28.04 39.20 42 (13.25)
 36: CMJ height (cm) 28.7 37.3 40.2 43.0 58.0 42 (13.25)

Note that for variables that state between limb differences (ie, variables 29, 31 and 33), positive values indicate greater left limb values compared with right limb values; negative values indicate greater right limb values compared to left limb values.

N (note: N/kg–0.67 has a scaling factor to normalise force to body mass).54 W (note: W/kg–0.67 has a scaling factor to normalise force to body mass).54

CMJ, countermovement jump; deg., degrees; ER, external rotation; IMI, indirect muscle injury; IR, internal rotation; m.s-1, metres per second; PHE, periodic health examination; PROM, passive range of movement.