Table 4.

Hazard ratios for mortality in persons with opioid-related disorders

		Adjusted analyses
	Unadjusted analyses	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
	HR (95% CI)	aHR (95% CI)	aHR (95% CI)	aHR (95% CI)
Opioid-related disorders	2.13 (1.72–2.63)	2.28 (1.84–2.82)	1.67 (1.35–2.06)
Harmful use	2.29 (1.19–4.39)			2.45 (1.27–4.74)
Dependence or withdrawal	1.60 (1.06–2.41)			2.44 (1.60–3.72)
Unspecified or other F11 diagnosis	2.38 (1.58–3.59)			1.35 (0.89–2.03)
Opioid agonist use	2.81 (2.09–3.77)			3.06 (2.26–4.15)

Model 1 adjusted for year, age, sex, medical insurance coverage, and population group. Model 2 adjusted for year, age, sex, medical insurance coverage, population group and co-morbid mental health and substance use disorder. Model 3 included binary exposure variables for ICD-10 diagnoses for harmful opioid use (F11.1), dependence or withdrawal (F11.2–4), unspecified or other opioid-related disorders (F11.0, F11.5–9) and a binary exposure variable for opioid agonist use and was adjusted for year, age, sex, medical insurance coverage, and population group.