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. 2023 Jan 16;13:1101429. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1101429

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Copyright © 2023 Jalandra, Makharia, Sharma and Kumar

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Comet assay. Comet assay was performed to evaluate genotoxicity induced by TMA. Cells were treated with different concentrations of TMA for 48 h. Representative images at X200 magnification shows that TMA causes DNA damage in dose dependent manner as shown in (A) HCT116 cells treated with and without TMA and (B) HT29 cells treated with and without TMA. 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent control, 2.5 mM, 5 mM and 10 mM treatment respectively. DNA damage was enumerated using the OpenComet software tool in imageJ software (https://imagej.net/software/fiji/ ) as shown in (C) HCT116 and (D) HT29 respectively. Results were plotted as comet parameters. Both cell lines showed significant DNA damage at 10 mM TMA. The results (mean±SEM) were obtained from 3 independent experiments. *indicates significantly different values compared to control group (P<0.05) **indicates significantly different values compared to control group (P<0.001).