TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Subject characteristics | IDE (N = 726) | PAR (N = 1811) | MAP EMEA (N = 928) | p‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ||||
| Mean ± standard deviation | 75.9 ± 11.0 | 75.6 ± 13.4 | 76.3 ± 13.2 | .48 |
| Gender (% female) | 41.2% (299/726) | 38.8% (702/1809) | 37.6% (349/928) | .33 |
| Co‐morbidities | ||||
| Atrial tachyarrhythmias | 75.5% (548/726) | 76.0% (1374/1809) | 72.2% (670/928) | .09 |
| CHF | 18.0% (131/726) | 13.0% (236/1809) | 8.3% (77/928) | <.001 |
| COPD | 12.7% (92/726) | 9.8% (177/1809) | 10.9% (101/928) | .10 |
| CAD | 28.2% (205/726) | 22.0% (398/1809) | 19.9% (185/928) | <.001 |
| HTN | 78.7% (571/726) | 64.9% (1174/1809) | 64.9% (602/928) | <.001 |
| Diabetes | 28.5% (207/726) | 26.5% (480/1809) | 30.2% (280/928) | .12 |
| Renal dysfunction | 20.5% (149/726) | 21.5% (389/1809) | 28.9% (268/928) | <.001 |
| Dialysis | 3.9% (28/726) | 7.9% (143/1809) | 10.2% (95/928) | <.001 |
| Prior CIED | N/A | 13.2% (239/1811) | 20.4% (189/928) | <.001 |
| Condition that precludes the use of TV‐PPM | 6.2% (45/726) | 23.9% (433/1808) | 44.0% (408/928) | <.001 |
| Venous access issues (including thrombosis) a | 4.7% (34) | 5.6% (101) | 9.1% (84) | |
| History of CIED infection/bacteremia | 0.6% (4) | 9.4% (171) | 22.3% (207) | |
| Cancer | 0.8% (6) | 2.2% (39) | 5.9% (55) | |
| Other reason | 0.8% (6) | 7.6% (137) | 7.9% (73) b | |
| Pacing indication (%) | ||||
| Bradyarrhythmia with AF | 63.9% (464/726) | 62.6% (1128/1803) | 55.9% (519/928) | <.001 |
| Sinus node dysfunction | 17.4% (126/726) | 9.7% (174/1803) | 9.3% (86/928) | |
| AV block | 15.0% (109/726) | 11.6% (210/1803) | 18.1% (168/928) | |
| Syncope | 2.2% (16/726) | 13.5% (243/1803) | 14.2% (132/928) | |
| Other | 1.5% (11/726) | 2.7% (48/1803) | 2.5% (23/928) | |
| Not reported | 0.0% (0/726) | 0.0% (0/1803) | 0.0% (0/928) | |
| Follow‐up (months) | ||||
| Mean ± standard deviation | 31.8 ± 23.4 | 31.3 ± 15.5 | 9.7 ± 6.5 | N/A |
| Median | 19.6 | 34.2 | 9.6 | |
| 25th Percentile–75th Percentile | 14.5–55.3 | 21.9–42.9 | 3.8–14.3 | |
| Minimum–Maximum | 0.0–82.1 | 0.0–62.4 | 0.0–32.7 | |
| Number of subjects with measure available (N, %) | 726 (100.0%) | 1811 (100.0%) | 928 (100.0%) | |
Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; AV, atrioventricular; CAD, chronic arterial disease; CHF, chronic heart failure; CIED, cardiac implantable electronic device; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HTN, hypertension; N/A, not applicable; TV‐PPM, transvenous permanent pacemaker.
a
Venous access issues include venous anatomy, occlusion, or need to preserve veins for hemodialysis.
b
Other reasons include 47 patients with valve issues, 17 patients with a prior complication to a prior CIED, and 9 miscellaneous/unknown.