5. Results from trials of surface/object disinfection (with or without hand hygiene) compared to control.
| Study | Comparison (see Table 4 for details of interventions) | Reported outcomes | Results |
|
Ban 2015 cluster‐RCT China |
Hand hygiene products, surface cleaning and disinfection provided to families and kindergartens vs none | 1. Respiratory illness 2. Cough and expectoration | 1. OR 0.47 for intervention to control (95% CI 0.38 to 0.59) 2. OR 0.56 (95% CI 0.48 to 0.65) |
|
Carabin 1999 cluster‐RCT Canada |
One‐off hygiene education and disinfection of toys with bleach vs none | Difference in incidence rate for URTI (cluster‐level result) | 0.28 episodes per 100 child‐days lower in intervention group (95% CI 1.65 lower to 1.08 higher); URTI incidence rate IRR 0.80 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.93) |
|
Ibfelt 2015 cluster‐RCT Denmark |
Disinfectant washing of linen and toys by commercial company every 2 weeks vs usual care | Presence of respiratory viruses on surfaces | Statistically significant reduction in intervention group in adenovirus, rhinovirus, RSV, metapneumovirus, but not other viruses including coronavirus |
|
Kotch 1994 RCT USA |
Training in hand‐washing and diapering and disinfection of surfaces vs none | Respiratory illness incidence rate in:
1. children < 24 months; 2. children >= 24 months. |
1. 14.78 episodes per child‐year in intervention; 15.66 in control 2. 12.87 in intervention; 11.77 in control |
|
McConeghy 2017 RCT USA |
Staff education, cleaning products, and audit of compliance and feedback vs none | Infection rates | Upper respiratory infections not reliably recorded or reported. |
|
Sandora 2008 cluster‐RCT USA |
Hand sanitiser and disinfection of classroom surfaces vs materials about good nutrition (control) | Absence due to respiratory illness (multivariable analysis) | Rate ratio 1.10 for intervention to control (95% CI 0.97 to 1.24) |
CI: confidence interval cluster‐RCT: cluster‐randomised controlled trial IRR: incident rate ratio OR: odds ratio RCT: randomised controlled trial RSV: respiratory syncytial virus URTI: upper respiratory tract infection vs: versus