Pandejpong 2012.

Study characteristics
Methods	Cluster‐RCT, single study centre
Participants	Children (total number = 1437) were randomised to alcohol hand gel every 60 minutes (N = 452 children), every 120 minutes (N = 447 children), and once before lunch (N = 540 children). Inclusion criteria: all children in a large private school in suburban Bangkok, Thailand, all ages, both genders with parental consent to participate. Exclusion criteria: an allergy to alcohol hand gel
Interventions	3 disinfection interventions: Alcohol hand gel applied every 60 minutes vs every 120 minutes vs once before lunch (3 groups). The current school standard for hand hygiene (q lunch group). See Table 4 for details.
Outcomes	Laboratory: none Effectiveness: Primary: rates of absenteeism from physician‐confirmed ILI Secondary: rate of absenteeism caused by total reported ILI (with and without a doctor’s confirmation) In case the child was sick but did not see a doctor, the parents were asked to report any of the following symptoms: runny nose or cough, fever or chills, sore throat, headache, diarrhoea, and presence of hand, foot, or mouth ulcers. If 2 or more of these symptoms were reported, then the child’s illness was documented as an ILI. Safety: investigators reported that no adverse reaction to the alcohol hand gel was reported in any participants
Notes	The period study conducted: December 2009 to February 2010 Funding: Royal College of Physicians of Thailand Conflict of interest: none to report
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information provided.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information provided.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Parents and teachers are aware of the assignment. Teachers were responsible for recording the absenteeism case record forms. Parents would report child sickness. No diagnostic tests, even in the case of physician‐confirmed ILI
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Outcome is physician‐confirmed ILI.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Quote: "No students were lost to follow‐up or discontinued the intervention during the study period."
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All outcomes were reported.