Table 2.
Area under the curve during 3 h mixed meal tolerance test for glucose and hormones levels in individual groups
| Pregnant women i-FPG (n = 22) | Healthy pregnant women (n = 25) | Non-pregnant healthy controls (n = 24) | corrected p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| glucoseAUC (mmol/mL/min) | 5.47 ± 1.00b,c | 4.40 ± 0.64a | 4.40 ± 0.53a | < 0.001 |
| glucoseAUC adjusted for BMI (mmol/mL/min) | 5.05 ± 0.88 | 4.54 ± 0.73 | 4.62 ± 0.48 | NS |
| C-peptideAUC (pg/mL/min) | 3037 (833)b,c | 2307 (822)a | 2092 (554)a | < 0.001 |
| C-peptideAUC adjusted for BMI (pg/mL/min) | 2716 (954) | 2477 (941) | 2235 (760) | NS |
| insulinAUC (pg/mL/min) | 1979 (973)b,c | 1271 (734)a | 1001 (692)a | 0.007 |
| insulinAUC adjusted for BMI (pg/mL/min) | 1751 (660) | 1485 (940) | 1079 (723) | NS |
| GLP-1AUC (pg/mL/min) | 19.0 (53.1) | 16.7 (22.3) | 16.7 (9.8) | NS |
| GLP-1AUC adjusted for BMI (pg/mL/min) | 19.6 (54.9) | 16.9 (18.5) | 17.0 (10.6) | NS |
| GIPAUC (pg/mL/min) | 317 ± 124 | 290 ± 89 | 303 ± 80 | NS |
| GIPAUC adjusted for BMI (pg/mL/min) | 336 ± 119 | 286 ± 85 | 297 ± 81 | NS |
| glucagonAUC (pg/mL/min) | 63.2 ± 28.1 | 61.7 ± 32.9 | 60.6 ± 29.5 | NS |
| glucagonAUC adjusted for BMI (pg/mL/min) | 65.8 ± 26.9 | 61.6 ± 32.9 | 60.3 ± 29.4 | NS |
Values are expressed means ± standard deviation or medians and interquartile ranges (for data with non-normal distribution). Difference between groups was tested by one-way ANOVA for normally distributed variables or Kruskal–Wallis test otherwise. Holm-Bonferroni procedure was used to correct for multiple testing. In cases of significant difference pairwise tests were performed by t-test for normally distributed variables or to the Mann–Whitney U-test otherwise:
i-FP impaired fasting plasma glucose, GLP-1 = glucagon-like peptide 1, GIP glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, AUC area under the curve during 3 h mixed meal tolerance test, NS non-significant
a = vs pregnant women with i-FPG
b = vs healthy pregnant women
c = vs non-pregnant healthy controls