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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 30.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021 Apr 6;77(13):1656–1659. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.02.024

FIGURE 1. Risk Factors for Severe COVID-19 in Patients With ACHD.

FIGURE 1

To assess risk factors for severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD), it is important to evaluate non-ACHD risk factors as set forth by organizations such as the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as ACHD-associated risk factors (i.e., physiological stages C and D). In this study, new ACHD-specific risk factors (red box) are identified and should be considered when performing an overall assessment of individual risk for severe disease. *Heart conditions such as heart failure, coronary artery disease, or cardiomyopathies. BMI = body mass index; NYHA = New York Heart Association; O2 = oxygen.