To assess risk factors for severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in
adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD), it is important to evaluate
non-ACHD risk factors as set forth by organizations such as the United States
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as ACHD-associated risk
factors (i.e., physiological stages C and D). In this study, new ACHD-specific
risk factors (red box) are identified and should be considered when
performing an overall assessment of individual risk for severe disease. *Heart
conditions such as heart failure, coronary artery disease, or cardiomyopathies.
BMI = body mass index; NYHA = New York Heart Association; O2 =
oxygen.