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. 2022 May 18;63(12):1826–1839. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcac067

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© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Fig. 1 — Crop breeding and management through hormonomics-based physiological phenotyping. In crop breeding, high-throughput analytical systems for plant hormonomics offer the simultaneous quantification of molecular species of plant hormones, which facilitate the monitoring of spatial–temporal dynamics of hormone profiles throughout the crop lifecycle as well as their diversity among crop varieties (A). Since plant hormones regulate and coordinate various biological phenomena that influence agronomic traits in crops, highly sensitive and high-throughput methods for plant hormone profiling may enable us to monitor the physiological state of crops through the simultaneous quantification of endogenous plant hormone levels that fluctuate in response to internal and environmental conditions. Profiles of endogenous ABA levels measured in four barley accessions (J064, H602, J247, J647, Hirayama et al. 2020) are represented throughout their life course as a heatmap (blue high, gray low). The hormone profiles from mapping populations (e.g. diverse panel, nested association mapping population, recombinant inbreed lines and chromosome segment substitution lines) could represent a kind of chemical phenotype that can be used to explore their genotype–phenotype association. The exploration of phenotypic association between hormone levels and agronomic traits (even across different developmental stages) may enable us to identify useful hormone-based biomarkers that prevision terminal phenotypes. For crop management, plant hormone profiling provides convenient avenues to monitor the physiological state of crops in response to various stressors (B). In this context, plant hormone profiling may facilitate the monitoring of the efficiency of agricultural management, including the application of biostimulants with the aim to enhance crop growth and tolerance. Moreover, various studies that aim to develop non-invasive plant hormone monitoring such as nanomaterial-based hormone sensors may provide new avenues for real-time plant hormone profiling. Such nanosensor-based crop physiological state monitoring may serve to alleviate costs for crop management.