TABLE 5 ECG Abnormalities of COVID‐19 Patients (n = 163) based on their Survival Status

Variable	Group	Survivors	Non‐survivors	Test statistic (df)	p‐value
Sinus rhythm (with other ECG abnormalities)	No	44	14	8.732	0.003*
	Yes	97	8
Sinus bradycardia	No	137	22	0.640	0.424
	Yes	4	0
Sinus Tachycardia	No	113	15	1.614	0.204
	Yes	28	7
Sinus arrhythmia	No	135	21	0.004	0.950
	Yes	6	1
Ectopic atrial rhythm	No	139	22	0.316	0.574
	Yes	2	0
Atrial fibrillation or flutter	No	137	18	9.601	0.002*
	Yes	4	4
SVT	No	141	21	6.449	0.011*
	Yes	0	1
Ventricular tachycardia	No	141	21	6.449	0.011*
	Yes	0	1
APCs or atrial premature complexes	No	134	21	0.007	0.933
	Yes	7	1
VPCs or ventricular premature complexes	No	136	21	0.054	0.817
	Yes	5	1
First degree AV block	No	137	21	0.187	0.666
	Yes	4	1
Third Degree AV block	No	141	21	6.449	0.011*
	Yes	0	1
Fragmented QRS	No	136	22	0.805	0.370
	Yes	5	0
Right bundle branch blocks (RBBB)	No	137	20	2.099	0.147
	Yes	4	2
Left bundle branch block (LBBB)	No	141	22	NA	NA
	Yes	0	0
Left anterior fascicular block	No	140	22	0.157	0.692
	Yes	1	0
Abnormal precordial R wave progression	No	131	20	0.111	0.738
	Yes	10	2
Brugada pattern	No	138	22	0.477	0.490
	Yes	3	0
Acute ST elevation	No	140	22	0.157	0.692
	Yes	1	0
T wave inversion	No	136	18	7.814	0.005*
	Yes	5	4
Old infarction	No	134	19	2.485	0.115
	Yes	7	3
Nonspecific ST and T wave changes	No	89	17	1.676	0.195
	Yes	52	5
Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH)	No	141	21	6.449	0.011*
	Yes	0	1
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)	No	129	20	0.008	0.928
	Yes	12	2
Left atrial abnormality	No	138	22	0.477	0.490
	Yes	3	0
Early repolarization pattern	No	139	22	0.316	0.574
	Yes	2	0
Presence of U waves	No	137	22	0.640	0.424
	Yes	4	0
Prolonged QTc	No	134	19	2.485	0.115
	Yes	7	3
Low voltage limb leads	No	137	22	0.640	0.424
	Yes	4	0

^a Significant at 0.05 level.