Table 1.
Comparison of Patients with Nosocomial Infections and Without Nosocomial Infections Groups in Terms of the Baseline Characteristics and Risk Factors
| Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with NIs (N=231) | Patients Without NIs (N=1067) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Gender, No. male (%) | 163 (70.6) | 613 (57.5) | p<0.001 | ||
| Age (years), median [IQR] | 60.0 [47.0,74.0] | 59.0 [45.0,72.0] | p=0.163 | ||
| Smoking history, No. (%) | 83 (35.9) | 302 (28.3) | p=0.021 | ||
| Long-term immunosuppressive therapy, No. (%) | 18 (7.8) | 31 (2.9) | p<0.001 | 2.57 (1.21,5.50) | p=0.015 |
| APACHE II score on ICU admission, median [IQR] | 19.0 [13.0, 27.0] | 14.0 [9.0, 19.0] | p<0.001 | ||
| Chronic underlying diseases | |||||
| Respiratory diseases, No. (%) | 31 (13.4) | 93 (8.7) | p=0.027 | ||
| Cardiovascular diseases, No. (%) | 66 (28.6) | 322 (30.2) | p=0.629 | ||
| Malignancies, No. (%) | 22 (9.5) | 152 (14.2) | p=0.056 | ||
| Diabetes, No. (%) | 30 (13.0) | 168 (15.7) | p=0.290 | ||
| Hypertension, No. (%) | 75 (32.5) | 382 (35.8) | p=0.336 | ||
| Liver diseases, No. (%) | 32 (13.9) | 171 (16.0) | p=0.410 | ||
| Renal diseases, No. (%) | 22 (9.5) | 99 (9.3) | p=0.907 | ||
| Disorder of consciousness, No. (%) | 73 (31.6) | 112 (10.5) | p<0.001 | 1.80 (1.20,2.71) | p=0.005 |
| Blood transfusion, No. (%) | 148 (64.1) | 436 (40.9) | p<0.001 | 1.91 (1.31,2.78) | p=0.001 |
| The surgical operation, No. (%) | 109 (47.2) | 671 (62.9) | p<0.001 | 0.50 (0.35,0.71) | p<0.001 |
| Trauma, No. (%) | 108 (46.8) | 443 (41.5) | p=0.144 | ||
| Shock, No. (%) | 61 (26.4) | 156 (14.6) | p<0.001 | ||
| Hypoproteinemia, No. (%) | 180 (77.9) | 692 (64.9) | p<0.001 | ||
| Immunological diseases, No. (%) | 22 (9.5) | 73 (6.8) | p=0.156 | ||
| Pneumonia, No. (%) | 106 (45.9) | 272 (25.5) | p<0.001 | ||
| MODS, No. (%) | 21 (9.1) | 16 (1.5) | p<0.001 | 3.29 (1.51,7.17) | p=0.003 |
| Invasive procedures | |||||
| MV, No. (%) | 204 (88.3) | 479 (44.9) | p<0.001 | 3.67 (2.26,5.96) | p<0.001 |
| Tracheal intubation, No. (%) | 156 (67.5) | 403 (37.8) | p<0.001 | ||
| Tracheotomy, No. (%) | 74 (32.0) | 56 (5.2) | p<0.001 | 4.07 (2.56,6.48) | p<0.001 |
| UC, No. (%) | 228 (98.7) | 967 (90.6) | p<0.001 | 3.79 (1.08,13.33) | p=0.038 |
| Nasogastric catheter, No. (%) | 199 (86.1) | 491 (46.0) | p<0.001 | 2.442 (1.57,3.81) | p<0.001 |
| Drainage catheter, No. (%) | 119 (51.5) | 584 (54.7) | p=0.374 | ||
| CVC, No. (%) | 175 (75.8) | 554 (51.9) | p<0.001 | 1.61 (1.07.2.44) | p=0.024 |
| CRRT, No. (%) | 29 (12.6) | 51 (4.8) | p<0.001 | ||
| Prior antibiotics use | |||||
| Time of antibiotic use (days), median [IQR] | 9.0 [5.0,14.0] | 5.0 [3.0,9.0] | p<0.001 | ||
| Treatment with three or more antibiotics, No. (%) | 110 (47.6) | 236 (22.1) | p<0.001 | 1.84 (1.28,2.63) | p<0.001 |
| Clinical result | |||||
| Deaths in ICU (mortality), No. (%) | 28 (12.1) | 23 (2.2) | p<0.001 | - | - |
| Predicted deaths in ICU (predicted mortality), No. (%) | 82 (35.5) | 98 (9.2) | p<0.001 | - | - |
Note: P value in bold shows that the variables are statistically significant.
Abbreviations: NIs, Nosocomial infections; MODS, Multiple organ dysfunction syndromes; MV, Mechanical ventilation; UC, Urinary catheter; CVC, Central venous catheter; CRRT, Continuous renal replacement therapy; IQR, Interquartile range; OR, Odds Ratio.