Table 2. Bioimpedance Characteristics of Different Tissue Types (Measurements Taken Ex Vivo).
| resistivity (Ω·m) |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tissue | 0 Hz | 10 Hz | 50 Hz | 10 kHz | 50 kHz | 100 kHz | 500 kHz | 1 MHz | 10 MHz | 1 GHz | source |
| brain | (56,57) | ||||||||||
| gray matter | 15 | 13.5 | 13.3 | 10 | 7.7 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 4.8 | 2.9 | 1.1 | |
| white matter | 16.7 | 20 | 18.9 | 15 | 12.8 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 7.1 | 4.8 | 1.7 | |
| fat | 50 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 20 | (58,59) |
| muscle | (60,61) | ||||||||||
| cardiac | 10 | 10 | 5 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.1 | |
| skeletal | 2.5 | 4.4 | 3 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| liver | 14.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 7.7 | 6.3 | 5.6 | 4 | 3.3 | 2.1 | 1.2 | (56,59) |
| lung | 7.1 | 33.3 | 25 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 3.3 | 2.2 | (57) |
| kidney | 10 | 10 | 6.7 | 4 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 1.3 | 0.7 | (57,60) |
| spleen | 10 | 20 | 14.3 | 4.2 | 3.2 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.8 | (60) |
| skin | (56,58) | ||||||||||
| dry | 5 × 104 | 3 × 104 | 1 × 104 | 5 × 103 | 50 | 20 | 2 | 1.4 | 1.2 | ||
| wet | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 1 | ||
| bone | 16.7 | 14.3 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12 | 11.5 | 11 | 11 | 6.9 | (61) |
| blood | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.7 | (62) |