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. 2022 Aug 1;3:e18. doi: 10.1017/wtc.2022.14

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© The Author(s) 2022

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.

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Figure 7. — (a) The tensile force output versus contraction of the dual flat fabric pneumatic artificial muscle (ff-PAM) actuator in the quasi-static experiment. Five constant pressure levels are tested, and mean and mean standard deviation are shown. (b) The test conditions and setup of the dual ff-PAM actuator in the UTM before and after pressurization.

Inline graphic — (a) The tensile force output versus contraction of the dual flat fabric pneumatic artificial muscle (ff-PAM) actuator in the quasi-static experiment. Five constant pressure levels are tested, and mean and mean standard deviation are shown. (b) The test conditions and setup of the dual ff-PAM actuator in the UTM before and after pressurization.